1.11 - Catania

Question 1

What are the stages of the hazard response cycle?

Answer 1

• mitigation
• preparation
• response
• recovery

Question 2

What happens in the response stage of the hazard response cycle?

Answer 2

• Ensures people who need aid rescue efforts it
• is vital for reducing death toll

Question 3

What happens in the recovery stage?

Answer 3

• Allows people to return to life prior to the event
• should be carried ASAP to reduce socioeconomic impact of the event

Question 4

What happens in the mitigation stage?

Answer 4

• reduces vulnerability of people to hazards
• is done in the long term
• ensures that the hazard no longer poses as huge of a risk

Question 5

What happens in the preparation stage?

Answer 5

• is usually done before the event
• follows plans made in mitigation stage
• reduces the number of vulnerabilities
• can be dependant on mitigation actions eg. (Plans made in mitigation stage are put in action now)

Question 6

What factors make it difficult for Sicily to cope?

Answer 6

• crust fractures in different places every eruption
• lava viscosity is variable, thus explosivity also varies
• there is a large amount of crucial yet vulnerable infrastructure (Eg. Single road access to airport, ski resorts)
• 10 different municipalities meet at one point, don’t know who is responsible for that area
• each eruption costs around $5-6 million, expensive for this poor part of Italy

Question 7

What infrastructure is vulnerable in Catania?

Answer 7

• Sapienza Ski Resort, cable cars and ski lifts
• Piano Provenzana Ski resort
• Round Etna Railway, lies in path of material flows down volcano
• Catania Airport, can close due to release of ash during an eruption
• Hotels/housing can become buried in ash which becomes cement, is difficult to remove and heavy