1.12 - Himalaya's Flashcards
1
Q
How many types of waves and what waves are released during an earthquake?
A
- 3
- Primary (P)
- Secondary (S)
- Love (L)
2
Q
What are the properties of the P waves?
A
- Travel the quickest out of all waves
- Have a short wavelength
- travel through both solids and liquids
- are longitudinal waves
- create compressional and extensional zones
3
Q
What are the properties of the S waves?
A
- Are slower than P waves
- only move through solids
- have a longer wavelength than P waves
- oscillate at 90 degrees to direction of travel
4
Q
What are the properties of L waves?
A
- Slowest out of the 3
- only move at surface
- have largest amplitude
- shake ground side to side as wave travels forward
5
Q
How does liquefaction occur?
A
Shaking causes the distance between solid particles to increase, causing it to lose its structure and flow like a liquid
6
Q
How does crustal fracturing occur?
A
Large energy release from earthquake causes crust to crack, causes the land to be displaced vertically
7
Q
How do landslides occur?
A
- Rock slopes are under increased stress
- Failure of rock face as stresses are larger than strength
- material slides
8
Q
How are P waves useful?
A
- P waves travel the quickest and through both solid and liquid, thus can trigger early warning systems
- more useful the further away the epicentre is as time delta is larger
9
Q
What speed are the fold mountains in the Himalayas thrust upwards at?
A
~2cm/year
10
Q
What kind of plate boundary is present at the Himalayas?
A
Destructive/convergent
