17.1 Biotechnology

Question 1

biotechnology

Answer 1

the use of biological agents for technological advancement

Question 2

lysis buffer

Answer 2

solution to break the cell membrane and
release cell contents

Question 3

protease

Answer 3

enzyme that breaks down proteins

Question 4

ribonuclease

Answer 4

enzyme that breaks down RNA

Question 5

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 5

a technique that scientists use to separate molecules on the basis of size, using this
charge

Question 6

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 6

technique to amplify DNA

Question 7

reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)

Answer 7

PCR technique that involves converting RNA to DNA by reverse transcriptase

Question 8

probes

Answer 8

short DNA fragments

Question 9

Northern blotting

Answer 9

transfer of RNA from a gel to a nylon
membrane

Question 10

Southern blotting

Answer 10

When scientists
transfer DNA to a nylon membrane

Question 11

foreign DNA

Answer 11

DNA that belongs to a different species or
DNA that is artificially synthesized

Question 12

host DNA

Answer 12

DNA that is present in the genome of the
organism of interest

Question 13

antibiotic resistance

Answer 13

ability of an organism to be
unaffected by an antibiotic’s actions

Question 14

multiple cloning site (MCS)

Answer 14

site that multiple restriction
endonucleases can recognize

Question 15

Restriction endonuclease

Answer 15

enzyme that can recognize and
cleave specific DNA sequences

Question 16

recombinant DNA

Answer 16

combining DNA fragments that
molecular cloning generates that do not exist in nature;
also a chimeric molecule

Question 17

recombinant proteins

Answer 17

a gene’s protein product derived by
molecular cloning

Question 18

cellular cloning

Answer 18

production of identical cell populations by
binary fission

Question 19

Reproductive cloning

Answer 19

entire organism cloning

Question 20

Genetic engineering

Answer 20

alteration of the genetic makeup of an
organism

Question 21

genetically modified organism (GMO)

Answer 21

organism whose
genome has been artificially changed

Question 22

transgenic

Answer 22

organism that receives DNA from a different species

Question 23

Gene targeting

Answer 23

method for altering the sequence of a
specific gene by introducing the modified version on a vector

Question 24

genetic diagnosis

Answer 24

diagnosis of the potential for disease
development by analyzing disease-causing genes

Question 25

genetic testing

Answer 25

process of testing for the presence of
disease-causing genes

Question 26

Gene therapy

Answer 26

a genetic engineering technique used to cure disease