16.5 Kidney

Question 1

Osmoregulation

Answer 1

the homeostatic control of water potential of the blood

Question 2

fibrous capsule

Answer 2

out membrane that protects the kidney

Question 3

Coretx

Answer 3

outer region made up of renal Bowman’s capsules, convoluted tubules and blood vessels

Question 4

medulla

Answer 4

inner region made up of loops of Henle, collecting ducts and blood vessles

Question 5

renal pelvis

Answer 5

funnel-shaped cavity that collects urine into the ureter

Question 6

ureter

Answer 6

tube that carries urine to bladder

Question 7

renal artery

Answer 7

supplies kidney with unfiltered blood from heart via aorta

Question 8

renal vein

Answer 8

returns filtered blood to the heart via the vena cava

Question 9

nephron

Answer 9

-millions of tiny tubular structures in each kidney
-functional unit

Question 10

Renal Bowman’s capsule

Answer 10

closed end at start of nephron
cup shaped and surrounds mass of blood capillaries(glomerulus)
inner layer of renal capsule is made up of podocytes

Question 11

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries
made up of epithelial cells which have microvilli

Question 12

loop of henle

Answer 12

long hairpin loop that extends from cortex into medulla of kidney and back again

surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 13

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 13

series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries(fewer than proximal tubule)
walls made of epithelial cells

Question 14

collecting duct

Answer 14

tube into which a number of distal convoluted tubules from number of nephrons empty

lined by epithelial cells
becomes increasingly wide as it empties into the pelvis of kidney

Question 15

afferent arteriole

Answer 15

tiny vessel that ultimately arises from renal artery and supplies the nephron with blood

afferent arteriole enters renal capsule of nephron which form glomerulus

Question 16

glomerulus

Answer 16

many branched knot of capillaries from which fluid is forced out of the blood
recombine to form efferent arteriole

Question 17

efferent arteriole

Answer 17

tiny vessel that leaves renal capsule
smaller diameter than afferent arteriole
- causes increase in blood pressure in glomerulus

carries blood away from renal capsule and branches to form blood capillaries

Question 18

blood capillaries

Answer 18

concentrated network that surrounds proximal convoluted tube, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule

merge together in venules that merge together to form renal vein