12.1 glycolysis

Question 1

aerboic respiration

Answer 1

requires oxygen
produces co2, h2o and atp

Question 2

anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

takes place in absence of o2
produces lactate in animals
produces ethanol and co2 in plants and fungi

produces little atp

Question 3

4 stages of aerobic respiration

Answer 3

1. glycolysis
2. link reaction
3. krebs cycle
4. oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

glycolysis

Answer 4

splitting of 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules

Question 5

phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate

Answer 5

glucose is made reactive by addition of 2 phosphate molecules

phosphate molecules come from hydrolysis of 2 ATP-> 2ADP + 2Pi

provides energy to activate glucose and lower activation energy for enzyme reactions

Question 6

splitting of phosphorylated glucose

Answer 6

each glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules triose phosphate

Question 7

oxidation of triose phosphate

Answer 7

H+ is removed from each triose phosphates

H is transferred to hydrogen carrier NAD to for reduces NAD

Question 8

production of ATP

Answer 8

enzyme controlled reaction converts each triose phosphate into 3-carbon pyruvate

two molecules of ATP regenerated from ADP in process

Question 9

Order of glycolysis

Answer 9

1. phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate
2. splitting of phosphorylated glucose to TP
3. oxidation of triose phosphate (reduced NAD formed)
4. production of ATP and pyruvate

Question 10

overall energy yields from glycolysis

Answer 10

• 2 molecules of ATP produced
• 2 molecules of reduced NAD
• 2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 11

location of glycolysis

Answer 11

enzymes for glycolytic pathway are found in cytoplasm
-glycolysis doesn’t need organelle or membrane for it to take place

Question 12

use in anaerboic respiration

Answer 12

can occur without oxygen
-pyruvate is converted into lactate or ethanol
-needed to reoxidise NAD