16.2 Types of Treatment

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

(also, psychodynamic psychotherapy) psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth

Question 2

Biomedical therapy

Answer 2

treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Question 3

free association

Answer 3

technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

Question 4

dream analysis

Answer 4

technique in psychoanalysis in which patients recall their dreams and the psychoanalyst interprets them to reveal unconscious desires or struggles

Question 5

transference

Answer 5

process in psychoanalysis in which the patient transfers all of the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient’s other relationships to the psychoanalyst

Question 6

Play therapy

Answer 6

therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems

Question 7

psychoanalysis

Answer 7

therapeutic orientation developed by Sigmund Freud that employs free association, dream analysis, and transference to uncover repressed feelings

Question 8

behavior therapy

Answer 8

therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors

Question 9

counterconditioning

Answer 9

classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior

Question 10

Aversive conditioning

Answer 10

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Question 11

exposure therapy

Answer 11

counterconditioning technique in which a therapist seeks to treat a client’s fear or anxiety by presenting the feared object or situation with the idea that the person will eventually get used to it

Question 12

systematic desensitization

Answer 12

form of exposure therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by exposing a person to the feared object or situation through a stimulus hierarchy

Question 13

virtual reality exposure therapy

Answer 13

uses a simulation rather than the actual feared object or situation to help people conquer their fears

Question 14

token economy

Answer 14

controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges

Question 15

Cognitive therapy

Answer 15

form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person’s thoughts lead to feelings of distress, with the aim of helping them change these irrational thoughts

Question 16

rational emotive therapy (RET)

Answer 16

form of cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 17

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 17

form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and selfdefeating behaviors

Question 18

humanistic therapy

Answer 18

therapeutic orientation aimed at helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Question 19

Rogerian

Answer 19

non-directive form of humanistic psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard and self-acceptance

Question 20

nondirective therapy

Answer 20

therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person identify conflicts and understand feelings

Question 21

unconditional positive regard

Answer 21

fundamental acceptance of a person regardless of what they say or do; term associated with humanistic psychology

Question 22

biomedical therapy

Answer 22

treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Question 23

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 23

type of biomedical therapy that involves using an electrical current to induce seizures in a person to help alleviate the effects of severe depression