11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 1

conscious

Answer 1

mental activity (thoughts, feelings, and memories) that we can access at any time

Question 2

unconscious

Answer 2

mental activity of which we are unaware and unable to access

Question 3

id

Answer 3

aspect of personality that consists of our most primitive drives or urges, including impulses for hunger, thirst, and sex

Question 4

superego

Answer 4

aspect of the personality that serves as one’s moral compass, or conscience

Question 5

ego

Answer 5

aspect of personality that represents the self, or the part of one’s personality that is visible to others

Question 6

neurosis

Answer 6

tendency to experience negative emotions

Question 7

defense mechanisms

Answer 7

unconscious protective behaviors designed to reduce ego anxiety

Question 8

repression

Answer 8

ego defense mechanism in which anxiety-related thoughts and memories are kept in the
unconscious

Question 9

reaction formation

Answer 9

ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety swaps unacceptable urges or behaviors for their opposites

Question 10

regression

Answer 10

ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety returns to a more immature behavioral state

Question 11

projection

Answer 11

ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety disguises their unacceptable urges or behaviors by attributing them to other people

Question 12

rationalization

Answer 12

ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety makes excuses to justify behavior

Question 13

displacement

Answer 13

ego defense mechanism in which a person transfers inappropriate urges or behaviors
toward a more acceptable or less threatening target

Question 14

sublimation

Answer 14

ego defense mechanism in which unacceptable urges are channeled into more appropriate activities

Question 15

psychosexual stage of development

Answer 15

stages of child development in which a child’s pleasure-seeking urges are focused on specific areas of the body called erogenous zones

Question 16

oral stage

Answer 16

psychosexual stage in which an infant’s pleasure is focused on the mouth

Question 17

anal stage

Answer 17

psychosexual stage in which children experience pleasure in their bowel and bladder movements

Question 18

phallic stage

Answer 18

psychosexual stage in which the focus is on the genitals

Question 19

latency period

Answer 19

psychosexual stage in which sexual feelings are dormant

Question 20

genital stage

Answer 20

psychosexual stage in which the focus is on mature sexual interests