14.3 Stress and Illness

Question 1

psychophysiological disorders

Answer 1

physical disorders or diseases in which symptoms are brought about or worsened by stress and emotional factors

Question 2

immune system

Answer 2

various structures, cells, and mechanisms that protect the body from foreign substances that can damage the body’s tissues and organs

Question 3

immunosuppression

Answer 3

decreased effectiveness of the immune system

Question 4

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 4

field that studies how psychological factors (such as stress) influence the immune system and immune functioning

Question 5

lymphocytes

Answer 5

white blood cells that circulate in the body’s fluids and are especially important in the body’s immune response

Question 6

cardiovascular disorders

Answer 6

disorders that involve the heart and blood circulation system

Question 7

Heart disease

Answer 7

several types of adverse heart conditions, including those that involve the heart’s arteries or valves or those involving the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs; can include heart attack and stroke

Question 8

hypertension

Answer 8

high blood pressure

Question 9

Type A

Answer 9

psychological and behavior pattern exhibited by individuals who tend to be extremely competitive, impatient, rushed, and hostile toward others

Question 10

Type B

Answer 10

psychological and behavior pattern exhibited by a person who is relaxed and laid back

Question 11

Negative affectivity

Answer 11

tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear, and nervousness

Question 12

Asthma

Answer 12

psychophysiological disorder in which the airways of the respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs