1.6 Vitamins

Question 1

Do vitamins provide energy?

Answer 1

No, but help with the release of energy.

Question 2

Can vitamins be affect each other?

Answer 2

Decificny of one vitamin can lead to another

Excessive amounts of one vitamin can lead to vitamin imbalance and illness.

Question 3

Can the body synthesise vitamins?

Answer 3

No, so they need to be consumed in the diet.

Except for vitamin D which can be made in the skin by the actions of sunlight.

Question 4

Hypervitaminosis

Answer 4

too much of a vitamin

Question 5

Hypovitaminosis

Answer 5

lack of a vitamin

Question 6

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 6

Required often as they are excreted in the urine, faeces and perspiration.

Easily destroyed by sunlight/oxygen / poor storage and cooking.

Question 7

Water-soluble vitamins include:

Answer 7

Vitamin B1 - Thiamin 
Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin 
Vitamin B3 - Niacin 
Vitamin B9 - Folate 
Vitamin B12 - Cobalamin 
Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid

Question 8

Vitamin B1 - Thiamin

Answer 8

Function: metabolism of carbs and fats, correct functioning of NS

Deficiency:
Retarded growth in children 
Beri-beri
Loss of appetite 
Nausea, fatigue irritability and headaches

Question 9

Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin

Answer 9

Function:
Metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates
Promotes normal growth in children
Contributes to healthy skin
Maintains eye health
Assists in red blood cell production

Deficiency:

• Cracked Lips, or dull skin
• Low Blood count
• Poor Digestion
• Lack of clear vision

Question 10

Vitamin B3 - Niacin

Answer 10

Function:
Maintains a healthy nervous system
Promotes healthy skin
Healthy functioning of the digestive system
Metabolism of carbohydrates

Deficiency:
Loss of appetite
Dizziness, headaches

• Pellagra
  Disturbances of the Digestive system
  Hindered growth and development in children

Question 11

Vitamin B1, B2 & B3 sources

Answer 11

Wholegrains, Vegemite, legumes

Question 12

Vitamin B1, B2 & B3 are destroyed by:

Answer 12

Cooking, heat, light (B2)

Question 13

Vitamin B1, B2 & B3 Functions

Answer 13

Correct Functioning of the Nervous System

Metabolism of Macronutrients

Question 14

Vitamin B12

Answer 14

Function:

• Formation of red blood cells
• Metabolism of -Macronutrients
• Replaces cells lining the GI tract

Food Sources:
Meat / Dairy

Deficiency:
Pernicious Anaemia

Destroyed by:
Cooking in water e.g. boiling

Question 15

Vitamin C

Answer 15

Function:

• Promotes absorption of Iron and Calcium
• Supports Folate and Vitamin E

Food Sources:
Citrus Fruit
Leafy vegetables

Deficiency:
Pains and swelling of joints
Scurvy

Destroyed by:
Heat, storage and exposure to oxygen

Question 16

Fat-soluble vitamins types

Answer 16

ADEK

Vitamin A – retinol and beta carotene
Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol
Vitamin E - Tocopherols
Vitamin K - Naphthoquinone

Question 17

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 17

Stored fatty cells, including liver, adipose tissue and kidneys; therefore deficiency takes a long time to develop.

Question 18

How are fat-soluble vitamins dissolved?

Answer 18

Only dissolve in fat.
Less easily destroyed than water-soluble vitamins.

Intake must be limited as the body stores these vitamins, and when consumed in excess can be toxic.

Question 19

Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol: Functions

Answer 19

Facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus into the bone

Maintains healthy bones and teeth

Ensure normal growth and development of the skeleton

Question 20

Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol: Sources

Answer 20

Fish liver oils

Oily Fish, including salmon and tuna

Question 21

Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol: Deficiency/Excess

Answer 21

Poor teeth development

Rickets in children

Osteomalacia in adults

Excess: loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhoea, calcium deposits in kidney and liver.

Question 22

Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol: Destroyed By

Answer 22

Very stable, but some very high temperatures and cooking in oil can reduce the Vitamin D level.