1.10 Osteoporosis

Question 1

Tyep of Deficiency:

Answer 1

Calcium

Question 2

Osteoporosis

Answer 2

Bones become porous and fragile due to loss of minerals.

Question 3

What reduces the absorption of calcium?

Answer 3

High sodium, dietary protein and caffeine

Question 4

What vitamins/minerals contribute to the absorption of calcium?

Answer 4

phosphorous, vitamin D, C and A

Question 5

Low calcium intake during development years:

Answer 5

limits the bones’ ability to achieve optimal mass and density

Question 6

Bone resorption

Answer 6

• osteoclasts remove a portion of bone to later be replaced.

- this is a vital step for signalling bone formation.

Question 7

Bone Formation

Answer 7

Osteoblasts lay down collagen and mineral deposits over the removed area of bone.

• Osteoblast activity is vital for maintaining bone mineral density and bone strength.

Question 8

Risk Factors:

Answer 8

Age - bone resorption is greater than ossification of bone.

Low BMI - underweight people lose bone strength, due to reabsorption of calcium from bones due to decreased intake.

Question 9

What are bones made of?

Answer 9

calcium phosphate and the protein ‘collagen’

Question 10

What enhances bone strength?

Answer 10

Weight bearing exercise also enhances bone density as it promotes osteoblasts laying down new bone.

Question 11

Calcium Deficiency

Answer 11

osteoclasts will reabsorb some calcium from the bones. This can be due to a range of factors – a diet high in sodium, consuming too much caffeine,