1.10 Imbalance of nutrient intake - Under Nutrition Disorders: Anaemia

Question 1

Why are B9 and B12 important?

Answer 1

Allow an individual to make healthy red blood cells

Question 2

Red Blood Cells

Answer 2

• Made in bone marrow
• Transport oxygen by haemoglobin
• circular and concave centre

Question 3

Components of haemoglobin

Answer 3

Haem (iron) and a protein globin.

Question 4

How is blood transported?

Answer 4

If a person has adequate supplies of iron then it bonds to the globin in the red blood cell, and oxygen, that you will have inhaled through your lungs, attaches itself to the iron part of the haemoglobin. The oxygen is then transported to wherever it is needed.

Question 5

Anaemia

Answer 5

deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells. The red blood cells carry oxygen around the body, using a particular protein called haemoglobin.

Question 6

Anaemia can be a result of :

Answer 6

iron deficiency,

folate deficiency (megaloblastic anaemia)

B12 deficiency (pernicious anaemia)

Question 7

Milk anaemia

Answer 7

occurs in children between the ages 1 and 3 years if excessive milk replaces iron rich foods in the diet.

Question 8

Name for Iron deficiency anemia:

Answer 8

Microcytic hypochromic anaemia (small pale red blood cells)

Question 9

Folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 9

• large oval shaped, immature blood cells

- cannot carry oxygen through the capillaries as efficiently as normal blood cells

Question 10

Pernicious Anaemia

Answer 10

Lack of vitamin B12

Stomach cells are damaged (autoimmune disease)

less HCl is produced, B12 isn’t released from food/absorbed

Question 11

Causes of anemia: MIB

Answer 11

Malabsorption - where the body is unable to use the nutrients in the diet. E.g. coeliac disease.

Inherited disorders – such as thalassaemia or sickle cell disease.

Bone marrow disorders – such as cancer or infection.

Question 12

Causes of anemia: BIP

Answer 12

Blood loss – due to trauma, surgery, cancer

Infection – such as malaria and septicaemia, which reduce the life span of red blood cells.

Periods of rapid growth or high energy requirements – such as puberty or pregnancy.

Question 13

Groups at risk:

Answer 13

Infants, adolescents, preg women

Question 14

Stages of Iron Deficiency

Answer 14

1. Iron stores diminish
2. Transport of iron decreases
3. Haemoglobin production declines