1.6 - Urban settlements Flashcards
Name the 4 main zones of an urban area:
-Central Business District (CBD)
-industrial areas
-residential areas
-rural-urban fringe
What is the CBD? Describe its land uses:
-the commercial and business centre of a city
inner core
-high-rise buildings
-high order services (specialist) in shopping centres
outer frame
-offices
-coach/train stations
-warehouses
What is a residential area? Describe how it changes as you move further from the CBD:
-areas where people live
closer to CBD
-high density housing (terraced, flats) where land is expensive
-small, has little open spaces
outskirts
-low density housing ((semi) detached), where land is cheaper
-lots of space
Describe the land use models for MEDCs and LEDCs:
MEDCs
-Burgess - concentric model based on outward growth over time (urban sprawl)
-Hoyt - sector model based on growth along transport routes/geographical features
LEDCs
-Griffin-Ford (sort of a mix between B. and H.)
tip - Burgess is based on sprawl because it has 2 S’s in it
Define urban sprawl:
the expansion of urban areas into the countryside
Similar to counter-urbanisation, where people move away from cities
What is the rural-urban fringe?
the area at the edge of a city where it meets the countryside
What are some problems linked to urban sprawl?
-farmland is being built on (less for farming)
-deforestation/habitat destruction
-shops move out of CBD, more derelict buildings
-increased car usage (^air pollution)
What are some common problems seen in urban areas?
-pollution (air/noise/water/visual)
-inequality
-traffic congestion
-conflicts over land use change
-housing issues
(PITCH)
What are some problems caused by air, noise, water, and visual pollution?
air - lung diseases
noise - mental stress, sleep deprivation
water - cholera, diarrhoea
visual - decrease property prices
What problems are caused by inequality and housing issues in urban areas?
-lack of affordable housing leads to overcrowding + unsuitable living conditions
-spread of disease
-lack of access to electricity (more burning firewood)
What are some solutions to traffic congestion?
-improve public transport + bike lanes
-congestion charges (driving becomes more expensive)
-town planning (make more services away from CBD, less traffic)
-make wider roads
-more one-way roads
-parking restrictions along roads
Give some pros and cons of building on a brownfield site:
-gentrification of the area (things are revived)
-water/gas/electricity supplies are in place already
-reduces loss of countryside
-higher levels of pollution
-expensive to clear buildings
Give some pros and cons of building on greenfield sites:
-layout is not restricted by older layouts
-easier to build things (easy access)
-loss of farmland + habitats
-noise/visual pollution to countryside
-conflicts over land use change from countryside
Why might a rural settlement’s population decline over time?
-less people working on farms, due to mechanisation
-lack of work available in the area
-people moving to more urban areas to access better education, universities, health care, hospitals
-transport network may be poor
