1.1 - Population dynamics Flashcards
Give some reasons for high population growth: (5)
-high birth/fertility rate
-high infant mortality (death under 1)
-family support is needed for future
-careers (none for women due to lack of education)
-contraception/family planning/abortions unavailable
(BIFCC)
Why are there so many elderly people in MEDC’s?
-low death rate/^life expectancy
-pensions
-investment in hospitals/elderly care
-education on a healthy lifestyle
-supply of hygienic water/food
(D, PIES)
Define over/underpopulation:
-where a population is well above/below its carrying capacity
-which is the maximum pop. that can be sustained, given the available resources (food/habitat/water)
Why might an area be overpopulated?
-^migration
-^urban concentration (people mainly living in cities)
-low death rate (better medicine) and increasing birth rate
-low carrying capacity so lack of basic resources (people have more children to increase chance of survival)
(MULL)
What are the causes for an area to be underpopulated?
-surplus of resources
-remote area
-high carrying capacity with too little people to fulfill it
-war
-emigration
Give some general problems caused by overpopulation:
-^competition and depletion of resources
-^famine + disease (eg cholera)
-^pollution (be specific, eg air pollution from traffic congestion)
-loss of habitats due to deforestation needed for increased housing
-strains on healthcare/education facilities
Define birth/death rate:
deaths/live births per 1000 in a given year
Define rate of natural population increase:
difference between birth and death rate
Define dependency ratio:
ratio of dependents to the economically active (dep./indep.)
Having a high dependency ratio means there are more dependents