Unit 2- Intracellular processes

Question 1

Organelles

description

Answer 1

means ‘little organ’ they are the organ of the cell

Question 2

purpose, contains

Nucleus

Description , 3 points

Answer 2

• control centre of the cell
• contains genetic code of the cell in the form of DNA
• nucleolus produces ribosomal DNA

Question 3

purpose, how does it do it

Plasma Membrane

Description, 2 points

Answer 3

• keeps internal and external environments seperated
• semi-permeable and thin

Question 4

purpose, in what

Chloroplasts

Description , 3 points

Answer 4

• site of photosynthesis
• Only in plants
• uses light to produce glucose

Question 5

purpose

Mitochondria

description, 2 points

Answer 5

• site of cellular respiration
• converts glucose into a form of energy

Question 6

in what?, purpose

Cell wall

Description, 2 points

Answer 6

• Plants only
• helps to maintain cell structure and provide support for the cell

Question 7

plants vs animals, purpose

vacuole

Description, 4 points

Answer 7

• plants have a large centre vacuole
• animals have a very small or absent one
• important for storage of compounds
• maintains turgity

Question 8

site of, found where

Ribosomes

Description, 2 point

Answer 8

• site of protein synthesis (makes protein)
• free floating in cytoplasm or associated with ER

Question 9

Golgi Apperatus

Description, 1 point

Answer 9

• processing and packaging centre for proteins and lipids

Question 10

made up of?

Cytoplasm

description , 1 point

Answer 10

• made up of 2 parts: organelles and cytosol (liquid inside the cell)

Question 11

Plasmid

description

Answer 11

circular pieces of DNA carrying genes/ traits can be exchanged between bacteria

Question 12

Does bacteria have a nucleus

Answer 12

No, instead a circular loop of DNA

Question 13

found where, purpose

Ciliated Cells

Description, 2 points

Answer 13

• found in the lungs
• special organelle that helps to move mucus throught the airways

Question 14

found where, shape, why

Root hair cells

Description, 3 points

Answer 14

• found on the surface of roots
• finger like projections (increase surface area)
• higher surface are = faster osmosis and diffusion of minerals

Question 15

found where, contains, structure

Palisade mesophyll cells

description, 4 points

Answer 15

• found in top section of leaves
• contains chloroplasts
• thin cell wall to allow light through
• vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the edge for more sun exposure

Question 16

shape, why

Nuerons

description, 2 points

Answer 16

• sending nerve signals is relatively slow
• neurons are long to make nerve signalling faster

Question 17

- purpouse , shape (why), contains, made of/inside.

Red blood cells

description , 4 points

Answer 17

• carries oxygen in blood
• bioconcave shape (increases surface area therfore increasing rate oxygen can diffuse into them . allows them to fit into capilleries)
• conatins lots of haemogolbin a protein that binds oxygen
• no organelles

Question 18

shape

Sperm cells

description, 2 points

Answer 18

• has a flagella to swim from vagina to fallopian tube
• head shape optimised for penetreating the egg.

Question 19

small makes bigger

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Definition of 3 (not cells)

Answer 19

tissue: group of cells with a similar structure and function
organ: different tissues with related functions
organ system: group of organs with related functions

Question 20

convert mm to um and back

Answer 20

1mm=1000um
mm/1000=um
umx1000=mm

Question 21

IAM

equation for actual, image and magnification size

Answer 21

actual size= image/magnification
image=actualxmagnification
magnification=image/actual