15.1 - The Chemistry Of The Haloalkanes Flashcards
Define haloalkanes
Saturated organic compounds that contain carbon atoms and at least one halogen atoms
Are Halogenoalkanes soluble in water?
Insoluble as c-h bonds are non-polar
Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond? Why ?
Yes, polar as halogen has a higher electronegativity than c
Carbon is delta positive
Halogen is delta minus
What type of intermolecular forces do they have? Why?
- Permanent dipole-dipole and London forces of attraction
- C-X bond polarity creates a permanent dipoles
When would they have higher boiling points?
-Increase carbon chain length
- halogen further down group 7
What is the most important factor in determining halogen reactivity?
The strength of carbon halogen bond
Give 3 examples of nucleophiles
OH-
CN-
NH3
What is nucleophilic substitution?
A reaction where a nucleophile donates al one pair of electrons to delta positive and carbon atom, delta a negative atom leaves molecule - replaced by nucleophiles
Define hydrolysis
A reaction where water is a reactant
What are CFCs?
Chlorine- fluoro- carbons- haloalkanes containing C,F and Cl only no H
What is the problem with CFCs?
Although unreactive under normal conditions, they catalyse the breakdown of ozone in the atmosphere via free radical substitution
What is the main function of the ozone layer?
Provides protection from harmful UV radiation
What are primary haloalkanes?
The halogen is Attached to a carbon atom which is attached to one other carbon atom
What are secondary haloalkanes?
The halogen is attached to a carbon atom which is attached to 2 other carbon atoms
What are tertiary haloalkanes?
The halogen is attached to a carbon atom which is attached to 3 other carbon atoms
