11.1-organic Chemistry

Question 1

What does nomenclature mean?

Answer 1

The system used for naming organic compounds

Question 2

What does the term molecular formula mean?

Answer 2

Provides the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Shows me arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

• Type of formula which is drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom
• carbon atoms are not drawn

Question 6

Define homologous series

Answer 6

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 7

Define a functional group

Answer 7

A group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 8

What is a aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 8

Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain

Question 9

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

Answer 9

Hydrocarbons arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 10

Define an aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring

Question 11

Give the suffixes for :
-no double bonds
- at least one double bond
- an alcohol
- an aldehyde
- a ketone
- a carboxylic acid

Answer 11

1.- ane
2. -ene
3. -ol
4. -al
5. -one
6. -oic acid

Question 12

Give the prefix for CH3 group

Answer 12

Methyl-

Question 13

Give the prefix for C2H5

Answer 13

Ethyl-

Question 14

Give the prefix for C3H7

Answer 14

Propyl-

Question 15

Give the prefix for C4H9

Answer 15

Butyl-

Question 16

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 16

CnH2n+2

Question 17

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 17

CnH2n

Question 18

What is the general formula of alcohols?

Answer 18

CnH2n+1OH

Question 19

What does saturated mean?

Answer 19

Organic compounds which only contain single bonds

Question 20

What are unsaturated compounds?

Answer 20

Organic compounds that contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond

Question 21

Define structural isomerism

Answer 21

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 22

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed?

Answer 22

1. Alkyl groups can be in different places
2. Functional groups can be bonded to different parts
3. There can be different functional groups

Question 23

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 23

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 24

What is E-Z isomerism and how are E and Z isomers differentiated?

Answer 24

• E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds
• if the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond , it is the Z isomer
• if they are on different sides it is the E isomer

Question 25

What is cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 25

Special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same

Question 26

What is homolyticfission?

Answer 26

Occurs when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals

Question 27

What is heterolyticfission?

Answer 27

When one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

Question 28

What are radicals?

Answer 28

Highly reactive, neutral species

Question 29

What are electrophiles?

Answer 29

Electron pair acceptors

Question 30

What are nucleophiles?

Answer 30

Electron pair donators

Question 31

Define sigma Bond

Answer 31

- 2 orbitals - each with 1 electron interact end to end - single bond because only 1 pair of orbitals can overlap at a time - can be : S-S overlap , s-p overlap or p-p overlap

Question 32

Define cylindrical symmetry

Answer 32

electron density forms tube around internuclear axis of sigma bond allowing bound atoms to rotate around axis

Question 33

What is s-s overlap ?

Answer 33

2 S-orbitals overlap end-end with a region of electron density on bond / internuclear axis

Question 34

What is the s-p overlap?

Answer 34

1s orbital and 1p orbital overlap end-end with region of electron density on orbital axis

Question 35

What is the p-p overlap for sigma bonds?

Answer 35

2 p orbitals overlap end-end

Question 36

Define a pi bond

Answer 36

• 2 orbitals each with 1 electron • overlap side by side usually p-p overlap • multiple bonds • atoms cannot rotate independently from one another

Question 37

What happens when p-p overlap for pi bonds?

Answer 37

2 p- orbitals overlap side by side with electron densities above and below internuclear axis

Question 38

What bond is in a single bond?

Answer 38

1 sigma

Question 39

What bonds are in double bonds?

Answer 39

1 sigma, 1 pi

Question 40

What bonds are in triple bonds?

Answer 40

1 sigma, 2 pi

Question 41

What condition does nucleophilic substitution require?

Answer 41

Heat under reflux, requires an acid catalyst