15 - Rapid Disease Detection Flashcards
1
Q
Infectious disease surveillance
A
- Collecting, analysis and use of infectious disease data to help inform public health
- Should be large population data
- Inclusive of all factors that effect disease transmission
- Should be ongoing
- Should be systemic
- Should be disseminated
2
Q
Disease (outbreak) investigation
A
- Should be responsive (react quickly)
- Opportunistic (wide scope)
- Sufficient skilled staff for analysis
- Info disseminated to stakeholders
3
Q
Value of infectious disease surveillance
A
- Monitors changes in infectious disease (e.g. AMR)
- Asses effectiveness of prevention
- Helps determine allocation of resources for prevention
- Identification of high risk populations
4
Q
Example of professions included in a disease surveillance program team
A
- Epidemiologists
- Infectious diseases experts
- Mathematical modelers
5
Q
Scope of surveillance plan
A
- Local, state, national, regional, global
- Determine info to be collected
- How to collect data
- How to analyse data
- How to disseminate data
- How to track data
- How to review success or failure
6
Q
Data collection
A
- Source of data (hospitals, research facilities, diagnostic facilities)
- Means of data collection (proactive or retrospective)
- Handling of data
- Availability of data
7
Q
Proactive data collection
A
Real time collection
8
Q
Retrospective data collection
A
Reporting in trends
9
Q
What does the type of data collected depend on
A
The type of disease and the function of surveillance
10
Q
Mechanisms of predicting disease emergence
A
- Seasonality
- Tracking globally
- Use of sentinel animals
- Monitoring and controls in food production
11
Q
Use of Sentinel animals
A
- Used to provide early warning of initiation of of zoonotic infections in areas of human populations
- Move from sylvatic to urban cycles
- Important for domestic animals
12
Q
Role of diagnostic lab
A
- Early warning signals (unexpected increase in cases)
- Outbreak response and management
- Rapid collation of data
- Trend monitoring
- Intervention evaluation
13
Q
what do methods of analysis of data depend on
A
- Type of data (sequence vs diagnostic)
- Volume of data
- Resources and expertise available
14
Q
Challeneges in how to disseminate data
A
- Need to reach at risk population
- Need to educate health workers
- Need to provide accurate data rapidly
15
Q
Internet and mobile phones
A
- Allow for free rapid dissemination of surveillance information
- Also allows for rapid dissemination of fake news
16
Q
Future of disease surveillance
A
Point of care tests and mobile phones will transform detecion process
17
Q
Diagnostics using mobile phones
A
- Nanosensors for detection of disease
- Can be used to penetrate biofilms
