15- Anatomy general Recalls MSQs Only Flashcards
1- A 19 year old female is admitted with suspected meningitis. The House Officer is due to perform a lumbar puncture. What is the most likely structure first encountered when the needle is inserted?
A. Ligamentum flavum
B. Denticulate ligament
C. Dural sheath
D. Pia Mater
E. Supraspinous ligament (Right)
Theme from September 2012 exam
Medical Mnemonics - Anaesthesia
LAYERS OF LUMBAR PUNCTURE
3S ILEDAS
. Skin
· Superficial fascia
· Supraspinous ligament
. Interspinous ligament
. Ligamentum flavum
. Epidural space containing the internal vertebral venous plexus
. Dura mater
. Arachnoid
· Subarachnoid space containing cerebrospinal fluid
3- What is the correct embryological origin of the stapes?
Second pharyngeal arch
Embryological origin stapes = 2nd pharyngeal arch
Theme from April 2012 Exam
2- A 34 year old male is being examined in the pre-operative assessment clinic. A murmur is identified in the 5th intercostal space just next to the left side of the sternum. From where is it most likely to have originated?
E. Tricuspid valve
Theme from September 2012 Exam
4- Which muscle initiates abduction of the shoulder?
Supraspinatus
Theme from September 2012 exam
THE MUSCLES OF
SHOULDER ABDUCTION
STEP 1:
Abduction of the shoulder is initiated by the Supraspinatus muscle. Range of motion at glenohumeral joint = 0 to 15°
STEP 2:
The Deltoid muscle is the major abductor and abducts to 90°. Range of motion at glenohumeral joint = 15 to 90°
STEP 3:
The Trapezius and Serratus Anterior muscles rotates the scapula upwards. Range of motion at glenohumeral joint = 90 to 180°
5- What is the most important structure involved in supporting the uterus?
Central perineal tendon
Theme from September 2012 Exam
7- Which of the following structures is not transmitted by the jugular foramen?
Hypoglossal nerve
Contents of the jugular foramen:
Anterior: inferior petrosal sinus
Intermediate: glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves
Posterior: sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein) and some meningeal branches from the occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries
Theme from 2009 exam
6- 78 year old man is due to undergo an endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery. Which of the following nervous structures are most at risk during the dissection?
Hypoglossal nerve
Nerves at risk during a carotid endarterectomy:
Hypoglossal nerve
Greater auricular nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
Theme from May 2011 exam
Theme from January 2013 Exam
8- With regards to the jugular vein, which of the following statements is untrue?
A. It lies within the carotid sheath
B. It is the continuation of the sigmoid sinus
C. The terminal part of the thoracic duct crosses anterior to it to insert into the right subclavian vein (Right)
D. The hypoglossal nerve is closely related to it as it passes near the atlas
E. The vagus nerve is closely related to it within the carotid sheath
9- A 28 year old man requires a urethral catheter to be inserted prior to undergoing a splenectomy. Where is the first site of resistance to be encountered on inserting the catheter?
Membranous urethra
Theme from 2011 exam
Theme from January 2012 Exam
Parts of Urethra:
Posterior urethra
(proximal urethra)- near to bladder
i) 4cm in length
ii) Lies in the pelvis
iii) It has 3 parts —–
a) pre-prostatic part-b/w bladder & prostate
b) prostatic part-within prostate
c) membranous part- through perineal
2] Anterior urethra (distal urethra)
i) 16 cm long
i) Lies in perineum & penis
ii) It has 2 parts –
a) bulbar urethra within bulb of penis
b)penile/pendulus urethra/spongy urethra
4.Anterior urethra
. It extends from membranous urethra to external urethral orifice
1) bulbar urethra- — lies in the bulbospongiosus (of penis)
— widest part of urethra
— Bulbourethral glands open in it
2)Penile urethra-
— lies in corpus spongiosum
— its terminal part is dilated in glans penis -k/a navicular fossa
- numerous urethral glands open in it
10- A 23 year old man undergoes an orchidectomy. The right testicular vein is ligated; into which structure does it drain?
Inferior vena cava
11- A 24 year old man falls and sustains a fracture through his scaphoid bone. From which of the following areas does the scaphoid derive the majority of its blood supply?
From the distal end
12- Which of the following forms the medial wall of the femoral canal?
Lacunar ligament
Theme from September 2011 Exam
Theme from September 2012 Exam
13- A 67 year old man is undergoing a transurethral resection of a bladder tumour using diathermy. Suddenly during the procedure the patients leg begins to twitch. Stimulation of which of the following nerves is the most likely cause?
Obturator
Theme from January 2011 Exam
Theme from January 2013 Exam
Obturator Nerve
L2-L4
Adductor Muscles
Major Action
HIP ADDUCTION
14- A 5 year old boy is playing with some small ball bearings. Unfortunately he inhales one. To which of the following lung regions is the ball most likely to settle?
Right lower lobe
Theme from September 2011 Exam
Theme from January 2013 Exam
16- A 43 year old lady is undergoing a total thyroidectomy for an extremely large goitre. The surgeons decide that access may be improved by division of the infra hyoid strap muscles. At which of the following sites should they be divided?
In their upper half
Theme from 2009 Exam
15- An 18 year old man is cutting some plants when a small piece of vegetable matter enters his eye. His eye becomes watery. Which of the following is responsible for relaying parasympathetic neuronal signals to the lacrimal apparatus?
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Theme from January 2013 Exam
17- A 22 year old women has recently undergone a surgical excision of the submandibular gland. She presents to the follow up clinic with a complaint of tongue weakness on the ipsilateral side to her surgery. Which nerve has been damaged?
Hypoglossal nerve
Three cranial nerves may be injured during submandibular gland excision.
Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve
Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Theme from April 2012 Exam
18- You decide to take an arterial blood gas from the femoral artery. Where should the needle be inserted to gain the sample?
Mid inguinal point
Theme from September 2012 Exam
19- A 67 year old man undergoes a carotid endarterectomy and seems to recover well following surgery. When he is reviewed on the ward post operatively he complains that his voice is hoarse. What is the most likely cause?
Damage to the vagus
Theme from April 2013 Exam
20- A 25 year old man has an inguinal hernia, which of the following structures must be divided (at open surgery) to gain access to the inguinal canal?
External oblique aponeurosis
Theme from January 2013 Exam
22- A 67 year old man has an abdominal aortic aneurysm which displaces the left renal vein. Which branch of the aorta is most likely to affected at this level?
Superior mesenteric artery
Theme from April 2013 Exam
21- A 34 year old man is shot in the postero- inferior aspect of his thigh. Which of the following lies at the most lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa?
Common peroneal nerve
Theme from April 2012 Exam
23- A 12 year old boy undergoes surgery for recurrent mastoid infections. Post operatively he complains of an altered taste sensation. Which of the following nerves has been injured?
Chorda tympani
Theme from April 2012 Exam
24- What is the anatomical level of the transpyloric plane?
L1
Theme from September 2012 Exam
Theme from January 2013 Exam
TRANSPYLORIC PLANE
(Horizontal line half way between suprasternal notch & pubic symphysis)
Structures approximately on this line:
End of spinal cord
L1 vertebral body
Origin of superior mesenteric art
Origin of portal vein
Neck of pancreas
Pylorus of the stomach
Second part of duodenum
Sphincter of Oddi
Hilum of each kidney
Duodenojejunal flexure
Fundus of gall bladder
Tips of ninth costal cartilages