1456-59: Margaret’s Dominance

Question 1

When did York’s Second Protectorate end?

Answer 1

25th Feb 1456

Question 2

What month did York’s final appointments get replaced in government? Who was replaced?

Answer 2

Oct 1456
Bourchiers

Question 3

What 3 appointments did Margaret make in Autumn 1456?

Answer 3

24th Sept 1456 - appointed Lawrence Booth as Keeper of the Privy Seal
5th Oct 1456 - replaced Viscount Bourchier with Shrewsbury as Treasurer
11th Oct 1456 - replaced Thomas Bourchier with William Waynflete as Chancellor

Question 4

Who did York deter from invading England, on behalf of Henry VI? When?

Answer 4

James II of Scotland
May 1456

Question 5

When did Warwick actually take control of Calais?

Answer 5

July 1456

Question 6

When did court move? Where to? On whose demand?

Answer 6

April 1456
Coventry
Queen Margaret

Question 7

Which 2 of Margaret’s favourites became bishops? When?

Answer 7

Lawrence Booth, Bishop of Durham, 1457
John Hales (Marg’s Chamberlain since 1455), Bishop of Chichester, 1459

Question 8

Why was York not trialed after the Second Protectorate?

Answer 8

sought reconciliation, not division

Question 9

Who caused disruption and abused their power in S. Wales?

Answer 9

Gruffydd ap Nicolas

Question 10

Which Yorkists marched to which S. Wales castle? With how many men? When? Who did they capture?

Answer 10

Sir William Herbert + Sir Walter Devereux
Carmarthen
2,000 men
Aug 1456
Edmund Tudor

Question 11

What happened to Edmund Tudor after he was captured? Who was given 2 Welsh Castles? Which castles? When?

Answer 11

released, and died of unrelated illness on 1st Nov 1456
Jasper Tudor
Aberystwyth + Carmarthen
21st April 1457

Question 12

When was the Prince’s Council set up? Who by/for? Who was part of the council? Where were the lands it controlled?

Answer 12

28th Jan 1457
by Margaret, for Edward of Wales
Lawrence Booth, Lord Dudley, Earl of Wiltshire
N. Wales + NW. England

Question 13

Who was part of the Lancastrian coalition around 1457-58? Why?

Answer 13

Devon + Exeter, hot-headed
Wiltshire + Beaumont, long-standing courtiers
Pembroke + Shrewsbury, potential Yorkists
Somerset + Northumberland + Clifford, opposed York from St. Albans

Question 14

When was the French raid on Sandwich? Who commanded it? What was the consequence of this?

Answer 14

28th Aug 1457
Pierre de Breze
King + nobles returned to London

Question 15

When was Loveday? What were the original intentions of it?

Answer 15

25 Mar 1458
to unite nobility and reconcile after First Battle of St. Albans

Question 16

Who hijacked Loveday? What happened because of this?

Answer 16

Margaret

attacked Yorkists:
- ignored motivations of Yorkists at St. Albans
- forced Yorkists to pay £5,000 to Beauforts
- forced Yorkists to pay £666 to Cliffords
- cancelled Percies paying £15,000 to Nevilles
- Nevilles forced to build Chantry at St. Albans for the dead
- forced Yorkists to hold hands with sons of those murdered at St. Albans

Question 17

When was Warwick summoned to answer for his crimes? What were they? Why wasn’t he charged, and who protected him?

Answer 17

Nov 1458
Piracy against Italian + Flemish ships
brawl on 9th Nov and he escaped
protected from blame from Margaret by Henry VI

Question 18

When was Warwick involved in a fight? How did it start? How/where did he escape? What did he believe this was?

Answer 18

9th Nov 1458
Warwick’s man struck a royal servant
by barge, then to Calais
an assassination attempt by Margaret

Question 19

Which key marriage to isolate York was organised by Margaret? When?

Answer 19

Margaret Beaufort (niece of og Edmund Beaufort)
+
Henry Stafford (2nd son of Buckingham)

Jan 1458