1455-1459: Key Battles Flashcards
WHEN was the First Battle of St. Albans?
22nd May 1455
WHO participated in the First Battle of St. Albans? HOW MANY troops?
Henry VI, Somerset, Buckingham, Clifford, Northumberland & 2,000
vs
York, Warwick, Salisbury & 3,000
What happened BEFORE the First Battle of St. Albans?
1) Lancs arrive and place troops in Tonman Ditch, Sopwell Lane and Shropshire Lane
2) Yorks arrive and camp in Keyfield to the East
3) Heralds move back and forth trying to negotiate peace (allegedly responding to Somerset, not Henry VI)
What happened DURING the First Battle of St. Albans?
1) Yorks attack first, catches Lanc forces by suprise. Wiltshire (L) fails to display royal standard
2) Clifford inflicts heavy losses to Yorkists in narrow streets near St. Peter’s Church
3) Warwick leads reserves through back streets and gardens, ambushing the Lancs and massacring them. Somerset is killed
4) Warwick’s archers injure Henry VI + Buckingham
5) Lancastrians flee fearing getting surrounded
What were the CONSEQUENCES of the First Battle of St. Albans?
- Yorkist victory
- York captures Henry VI, leading to the Second Protectorate
- Bloods feuds begin with the deaths of Somerset, Northumberland & Clifford
- Margaret becomes increasingly fearful of York as a dynastic threat
- Warwick rewarded with Captaincy of Calais
What battles were there 1455-59?
- First Battle of St. Albans (1455)
- Battle of Blore Heath (1459)
- Battle of Ludford Bridge (1459)
WHEN was the Battle of Blore Heath?
23rd Sept 1459
WHO participated in the Battle of Blore Heath?
Salisbury & men
vs
Lord Audley & men
What happened BEFORE the Battle of Blore Heath?
1) Salisbury attempts to march his army South but is intercepted at Blore Heath by Lord Audley’s forces (under the Swan livery of Edward of Wales)
What happened DURING the Battle of Blore Heath?
1) Audley’s cavalry is defeated and Audley is killed
2) Lancs retreat
What were the CONSEQUENCES of the Battle of Blore Heath?
- Yorkist victory
- Death of Audley is potentially treasonous
WHEN was the Battle of Ludford Bridge?
12th Oct 1459
WHO participated in the Battle of Ludford Bridge?
York, Salisbury, Warwick, Trollope & men
vs
Henry VI, Buckingham & more men
What happened BEFORE the Battle of Ludford Bridge?
1) Yorkists set up on Ludford Bridge
2) Yorkists fire artillery on the King and his men overnight
What happened DURING the Battle of Ludford Bridge?
1) Trollope and Calais garrison defect after seeing present King. Pardoned
2) Yorkist leaders flee overnight and forces disperse by morning
