14.3 Globalisation, Sustainability and Localism Flashcards
1
Q
Transition Town (4)
A
- A settlement
- Where individuals and businesses have adopted ‘bottom up’ initatives
- With the aim of boosting sustainability
- And reducing reliance on global trade
2
Q
Food Miles (3)
A
- The distance food travels from a farm to a consumer
- Ranges from local produce, e.g. watts farm
- To other side of the world, e.g. Fiji water
3
Q
Fiji Water Example (3)
A
- This brand transports bottled water
- 20,000km from Fiji to UK supermarkets
- Example of a product with a huge carbon footrprint
4
Q
Example of Eden Project localism (3)
A
- 600,000 meals provided annually
- 80% All food served at the Eden Project is from local suppliers
- E.g. Cornish Winery ‘Knightor’
5
Q
Consumer Society (3)
A
- A society in which
- The buying and selling of goods and services
- Is the most important social and economic activity
6
Q
Ethical Purchase Statistics (3)
A
- Ethical purchasing is on the rise in high income nations
- Due to greater environmental awareness
- E.g. ethical clothing sales rose by 20% in 2019 in the UK
7
Q
Carbon Footprint (2)
A
- The amount of carbon dioxide
- Produced by an individual or an activity
8
Q
Virtual Water / Water footprint (3)
A
- A measure of the volume of water
- Used in the production and transport to market
- Of food and commodities
9
Q
Energy Insecurity Stat (2)
A
- A 50% increase in global energy use
- Is predicted by 2035
10
Q
Ecological footprint (5)
A
- A crude measurement
- Of the area of land or water
- Required to provide a person (or society)
- With the energy, food and resources needed to live
- And to also absorb waste
11
Q
Costs of Local Sourcing
Consumers (3)
Producers
Environment
A
- Local sourcing of everyday meat and vegetables can be very expensive
- Especially for people on low incomes
- E.g. 14 million people living in poverty in the UK
12
Q
Costs of Local Sourcing
Consumers
Producers (5)
Environment
A
- Less demand from UK consumers
- For food from producer countries
- Means arrested economic development
- For countries such as Liberia
- Agriculture is 77% of their GDP
13
Q
Costs of Local Sourcing
Consumers
Producers
Environment (4)
A
- Tomatoes in the UK
- Are grown in heated greenhouses and polytunnels in the winter
- Resulting in a larger carbon footprint
- Than imported Spanish tomatoes
14
Q
Benefits of Local Sourcing
Consumers (5)
Producers
Environment
A
- Many small producers in the UK
- Have adopted organic farming methods
- E.g. there are 6600 organic operators in the UK
- Organic crops grown with fewer pesticides
- Health benefits = higher QOL
15
Q
Benefits of Local Sourcing
Consumers
Producers (4)
Environment
A
- UK farmers have benefitted
- From the trend towards local sourcing
- E.g. Drovers HIll Farm
- Who sell organic fruit juice
16
Q
Costs of Local Sourcing
Consumers
Producers
Environment (3)
A
- Local sourcing involves fewer food miles
- Therefore reducing carbon footprint
- As transport is minimal
17
Q
Recycling (7)
A
- Rather than sending manufactured goods to landfill
- An alternative is to recycle them
- This reduces the rate at which natural resources are used
- However, the carbon footprint of recycling is potentially high
- As energy is required
- To treat the waste
- And transport the waste to recycling sites
18
Q
Enviornmental Improvement (4)
A
- Shenzhen named ‘China’s most Sustainable City’ in 2016
- Shenzhen became the first major city in the world
- To roll out an all-electric public bus fleet – 16,000 strong
- Between 2013 and 2016, levels of toxic PM25 dropped by over 30%
19
Q
Ethical Consumption Schemes (3)
A
- Fairtrade
- Supply chain monitoring
- NGO action
20
Q
Ethical Consumption Actions
- Fairtrade (3)
- Supply chain monitoring
- NGO action
A
- Examples of Fairtrade produce include coffee and bananas
- Fairtrade guarentees higher income to farmers
- Works with 1.65 million farmers
21
Q
Ethical Consumption Evaluation
- Fairtrade (5)
- Supply chain monitoring
- NGO action
A
- As the no. of schemes grow
- It becomes harder to ensure that money has been correctly distributed
- Also, fairtrade benefits farmers of middle income countries
- e.g. Mexico and South Africa
- More than low income, e.g. areas of the Sahel
22
Q
Ethical Consumption Evaluation
- Fairtrade
- Supply chain monitoring (5)
- NGO action
A
- TNCs increasingly accept the need for CSR
- The largest TNCs have thousands of suppliers
- E.g. BMW Mini Car has 2500 different suppliers
- So risk of brand being associated with worker exploitation
- E.g. Rana Plaza Accord
23
Q
Ethical Consumption Evaluation
- Fairtrade
- Supply chain monitoring (5)
- NGO action
A
- For TNCs, it is hard to control what happens
- In the workplaces of their suppliers’ suppliers
- Also, for many firms
- CSR is a profit maximising tool
- So PR is the main goal rather than human rights
24
Q
Ethical Consumption Actions
- Fairtrade
- Supply chain monitoring
- NGO action (4)
A
The charity ‘War on Want’ helped South African fruit pickers
- E.g. it flew a women called Gertruida
- To a Tesco shareholder meeting
- Gertruida explained there was no toilet
- For female workers at her farm
- Tesco told the farm they would use a different fruit supplier
- If conditions didn’t improve
25
Q
Ethical Consumption Evaluation
- Fairtrade
- Supply chain monitoring
- NGO action (6)
A
- NGO’s have limited financial resources
- Many rely on donations and volenteers
- This can limit the scale of what they can achieve
- Or result in slow progress
- Also, many people remain unaware of, or unconcerned with worker exploitation
- Seen through the rising sales of fast fashion, e.g. boohoo
