14.2 Social, Environmental and Political Tensions

Question 1

Post-Accession Migration (3)

Answer 1

• The flow of economic migrants
• After a country has joined the EU
• E.g Polish born people born in Balham, London

Question 2

Diaspora (3)

Answer 2

• The dispersion or spread of a group of people
• From their original homeland
• E.g. African community in Lewisham

Question 3

Nationalist (5)

Answer 3

• A political movement
• Focused on national independence
• Or the abandonment of policies
• That are viewed by some as threats to national sovreignty or culture
• Often results in anti-immigration and protectionist rhetoric

Question 4

Post-colonial migrants (4)

Answer 4

• People who moved to European countries
• From former colonies
• During the 1950s - 70s
• E.g. Jamaican and Indian migrants in the UK

Question 5

Brits Abroad (6)

Answer 5

• A thriving British diaspora exists across other EU countries
• UK residents began moving in 1993
• When freedom of movement in the EU was allowed
• E.g. 1 million Brits living in Spain
• British enclaves can be identified through local ‘ethnoscape’ features
• E.g. bars and cafes

Question 6

Migration Restrictions & UK TNCs (4)

Answer 6

• TNCs have argued that migration restrictions
• Threaten their global competitiveness
• As they cannot rotate staff between different international offices
• And, more broadly, London’s status as a global hub

Question 7

London Global Hub (4)

Answer 7

• The deregulation of the City of London in 1986
• Paved the way for London to become the world’s leading global hub
• For financial services
• A.T Kearney Index: 2nd

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Question 8

Migration Restrictions & Foreign TNCs (4)

Answer 8

• Indian, Chinese and Brazilian (among others) TNCs
• Wanting a European base
• May be less likely to choose London
• If it becomes harder to transfer staff to the UK

Question 9

Methods of Preventing Global Flows (3)

Answer 9

• Migration Laws
• Access to online information
• Trade protectionism

Question 10

Methods of Preventing Global Flows

• Migration Laws (6)
• Access to online information
• Trade protectionism

Answer 10

• Laws can be strengthened to limit numbers of economic migrants
• E.g. UK implementing a five-tier point system since 2010
• However, illegal immigration is hard to tackle
• E.g. Home Office suggests there are at least 1 million illegal immigrants in the UK
• Also, European countries are obliged to take in refugees
• E.g. France hosts 250,000 refugees

Question 11

Methods of Preventing Global Flows

• Migration Laws

- Access to online information (4)

• Trade protectionism

Answer 11

• Globally, around 40 governments limit their citizens’ freedom to access online information
• Hard to control the ‘Dark Web’
• 500,000 people globally use the ‘Dark Web’

Question 12

Methods of Preventing Global Flows

• Migration Laws
• Access to online information

- Trade protectionism (5)

Answer 12

• Despite the efforts of the Bretton Woods institutions
• Trade protectionism still exists (and is rising in some cases)
• E.g. In May 2018, Trump established a 25% tariff on all steel imports
• E.g. CAP European Union
• Which protects European farmers

Question 13

Trump Protectionism Example (3)

Answer 13

• In May 2018
• Trump established a 25% tariff
• On all steel imports

Question 14

Resource Nationalism (4)

Answer 14

• A growing tendancy for state governments
• To take measures ensuring domestic industries and consumers
• Have priority access to the natural resources
• Found within their countries

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Question 15

What is NK internet service called and what does it do (4)

Answer 15

• Kwangmyong
• Censors foreign information
• Furthermore, all TVs and radios are tuned to state channels
• People caught listening to foreign broadcasts face harsh punishments