Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE > 14.1 - Core Ideas and Principles of Feminism > Flashcards

14.1 - Core Ideas and Principles of Feminism Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

How many waves of feminism have existed since 1790?

A

4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the waves of feminism, and when were they active?

A

First Wave - 1790s to 1950s (Liberal Feminism)
Second Wave - 1960s to 1980s (Liberal, Radical, Socialist)
Third Wave - 1990s to early 2000s (Postmodern, transfeminism)
Fourth Wave - early 2000s to date (Postmodern, Liberal, Radical, Trans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does feminism differentiate between sex and gender?

A

Sex - Biological differences between men and women.

Gender - Gender roles of men and women that are socially constructed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main debates within feminism regarding sex?

A

Difference feminism vs. equality feminism
Transfeminism vs. Transfeminist sceptics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do difference feminists argue about the differences between men and women?

A

The biological differences are important.

Belief in essentialism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is difference feminism?

A

Men and women are biologically and culturally different from men.

The differences need to be recognised and celebrated with women recognising they need to value their distinct gender characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is essentialism?

A

The biological differences in men and women lead to differences in their fundamental natures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does transsexual mean?

A

People who’s gender identity differs from the biological sex that they were classified with at birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Germaine Greer weigh in on the trans debate?

A

Transgender women are ‘not women’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did Sheila Jeffreys weigh in on the trans debate?

A

Feminism should only be for ‘womyn-born-womyn’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Andrea Dworkin weigh in on the trans debate?

A

Sex is socially constructed.

The state should fund sex-change operations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are gender stereotypes?

A

Men’s and women’s roles are predetermined by society so they are socialised to behave in a certain way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did de Beauvoir think the biological differences between men and women had been employed in society?

A

The male-dominated state and society as a justification for predetermining the gender roles of women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ‘otherness’?

A

Women are treated as an inferior minority who are subordinate to men in a patriarchal society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do Kate Millett and bell hooks think social construction begin?

A

In childhood due to the family unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What key ideology did first-wave feminism extend?

A

Classical liberalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What were the key texts for first-wave feminism?

A

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman - 1792 (Wollstonecraft)

Enfranchisement of Women - 1851 (Harriet Taylor Mill)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why did first-wave feminism join to classical liberalism?

A

The ideas of negative freedom would allow them to be independent (vote, be economically active etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the key texts of second-wave feminism?

A

The Feminine Mystique - 1963 (Betty Friedan)

The Female Eunuch - 1970 (Germaine Greer)

Woman’s Consciousness, Man’s World - 1973 (Sheila Rowbotham)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did Liberal Second-Wave feminists think society could be improved?

A

The state should reform society and economy to allow female equality within the public sphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How did radical second-wave feminists think society could be improved?

A

The state is part of the problem, so there would need to be radical changes to both public and private sectors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How did socialist second-wave feminists think society could be improved?

A

There would need to be revolution within a revolution. (Socialist revolution, but within a feminist revolution)

Capitalism and female oppression could both be solved through revolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the idea that united second-wave feminism?

A

Women are oppressed by men (the patriarchy).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do liberal feminists think the patriarchy can be solved?

A

The patriarchy can be reformed by the state.

  • Female emancipation
  • Abortion
  • Marriage and divorce law changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do radical feminists think the patriarchy can be solved?

A

The patriarchy is too pervasive to be reformed, .˙., a revolution was needed.

26
Q

How did socialists feminists think the problem of patriarchy could be solved?

A

Female consciousness is created by men as part of the capitalist machine.

To remove the consciousness, a socialist revolution is needed.

27
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Treating a group or individual less favourably than another.

Women are treated less favourably than men according to feminists.

28
Q

What did Sylvia Walby identify as the overlapping patriarchal structures that promoted discrimination?

A
  • The state
  • The household
  • Violence
  • Paid Work
  • Sexuality
  • Culture
29
Q

According to Walby, how was discrimination promoted by the state?

A

Women are underrepresented in power.

30
Q

According to Walby, how was discrimination promoted by the household?

A

Society conditions women to believe that their natural role is as a mother or homemaker.

31
Q

According to Walby, how was discrimination promoted by violence?

A

One in four women (in the UK) suffer domestic violence from men.

32
Q

According to Walby, how was discrimination promoted by paid work?

A

Women are often underpaid when being in the same roles as men.

Stereotypically female careers tend to be linked to gender stereotypes of nurturing (nursing, teaching etc.)

33
Q

According to Walby, how was discrimination promoted by sexuality?

A

Women are often made to feel that their sexual feelings are wrong or deviant.

34
Q

According to Walby, how was discrimination promoted by culture?

A

Society reinforces the roles of women (particularly in looks)

Most media contains the male fantasy for women which pressures women to look like they see.

35
Q

What is misogyny?

A

A dislike and contempt for women

36
Q

Why did bell hooks disagree with previous waves of feminism?

A

She felt they were too focused on white middle-class women as other women had been neglected by feminism.

37
Q

What is the public sphere?

A

The visible area of society where relationships are public, such as the workplace and civic life.

38
Q

What is the private sphere?

A

The area of society where relationships are seen as private.

39
Q

What sphere of society do liberal feminists focus on?

A

The public sphere.

40
Q

How do liberal feminists focus on the public sphere of society?

A

Desire for equal pay.
Improvement of workplace conditions.

41
Q

Why do liberal feminists choose to not focus on the private sphere?

A

The private life of women is outside the remit of political analysis.

42
Q

What sphere of life do radical feminists focus on?

A

Both public and private.

43
Q

Why do radical feminists disagree with liberal feminists on the private sphere?

A

‘The personal is the political’

.˙. the private sphere should be focused on.

44
Q

When do equality feminists think gender stereotyping starts?

A

Infancy.

45
Q

How do equality feminists think gender stereotyping starts?

A

The exploitative nature of domestic roles.

Gender specific:
* Clothes
* Toys
* etc.

46
Q

What were Millett’s main points on family?

A
  • Patriarchy granted men ownership over their wives.
  • Family socialised the young - masculing authority, female marginalisation.
  • Women take husband’s surname to lose identity.
47
Q

What did Millett believe about the family?

A

It is a social construct.

48
Q

What are the two main categories to file other aspects of feminism into?

A

Equality
Difference

49
Q

What category do the majority of feminists fall into?

A

Equality

50
Q

What is equality feminism?

A

The belief that biological differences between the sexes are inconsequential.

51
Q

What is difference feminism?

A

The belief that biological differences between the sexes are consequential.

52
Q

Why did de Beauvoir dismiss the idea of innate female characteristics?

A

They are a ‘myth invented by men to confine women to their oppressed state’.

53
Q

What did de Beauvoir think would enable women to compete with men in society?

A
  • Contraceptives
  • Abortion
  • Rejection of Family
  • Monogamy
54
Q

Where can difference feminism first be traced back to?

A

First-wave feminists.

55
Q

When did difference feminism see a comeback in modern (ish) times?

A

1980s.

Carol Gilligan arguing that sex was one of the most important determinants of human nature.

56
Q

Why did Gilligan think sex was important as a determinant?

A

Women are more naturally nurturing, caring and communal than men.

57
Q

Why did Gilligan think equality feminism was eroding womens natural natures?

A

Women attempted to replicate male behaviour while neglecting their own feminine natures.

58
Q

What is cultural feminism?

A

A radical version of difference feminism that challenges the dominance of male culture by promoting female values.

59
Q

How do critics argue against cultural feminism?

A

It is simply inverted sexism.

If the patriarchy is indefensible, then the matriarchy is similarly so.

60
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

Women have multiple and overlapping identities as well as gender:
* Race
* Age
* Class
* Sexuality
* Religion

61
Q

What are the core principles of feminism?

A
  • Sex and Gender
  • Patriarchy
  • The Personal is Political (hmm..)
  • The State
  • Culture
62
Q

What are the six structures of patriarchy?

A
  • Culture
  • State
  • Household
  • Violence
  • Paid Work
  • Sexuality

GCSE (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions