1.4 The short and long term effects of exercise

Question 1

What are the immediate effects of exercise?

Answer 1

These happen straight away.
- hot
- sweaty
- red skin
- increase in depth and frequency of breathing
- increased heart rate

Question 2

Why do you feel hot after/during exercise?

Answer 2

Heat is a by product of respiration so :
exercise = hear
higher intensity = hot

Question 3

Why are you sweaty after/during exercise?

Answer 3

Sweating helps combat heat production. Moisture on your skin cools you down.

Question 4

Why does you skin turn red after/during exercise?

Answer 4

You look ‘redder’ when you exercise. Blood vessels just below the skin dilate to help ‘lose heat’ and control body temperature.

Question 5

Why is there an increase in depth and frequency of breathing after/during exercise?

Answer 5

Body needs more O2 to working muscles, more CO2 needs to be removed. Allows faster rate of gaseous exchange. Depth = high tidal volume

Question 6

Why is there an increased heart rate after/during exercise?

Answer 6

Linked to increase in depth and frequency of breathing. At exercise, the body need more blood –> supplying oxygen to working muscles. Heart therefore beats (contracts) faster and mroe powerfully. Increase in stroke volume

Question 7

When do short term effects of exercise occur?

Answer 7

These effects occur 24-36 hours after the activity.

Question 8

What are some short term effects of exercise?

Answer 8

• Tiredness/fatigue
• Nausea
• Light headedness
• aching
• cramp
• DOMS

Question 9

How does exercise cause fatigue/tiredness?

Answer 9

exercise and activity needs more energy than at rest. After having used up more energy, fell tried and fatigued?

Question 10

How does exercise cause nausea?

Answer 10

‘feeling sick’ maybe down to working too working too intensely, dehydration (lack of H2O) during activity or vascular shunting (the process of redistribution of blood) away from stomach

Question 11

What causes light headedness?

Answer 11

Caused by dehydration

Question 12

What causes aching?

Answer 12

From poor or no cool down

Question 13

What causes cramp?

Answer 13

From muscles fatigue and dehydration (sweating loses minerals)

Question 14

What causes DOMS? (What does it stand for?)

Answer 14

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.
From micro-tears in the muscles.

Question 15

Why is DOMS needed?

Answer 15

Needed for hypertrophy (increase in muscular size achieved through exercise) and adaptions to occur

Question 16

What are some long term effects of exercises that can effect your muscular system?

Answer 16

• Muscular hypertrophy
• Muscular strength
• Muscular endurance
• Speed
• Suppleness (flexibility)

Question 17

What is a long term adaptation?

Answer 17

Occurs over a number of months or years

Question 18

What are some long term effects of exercises that can effect your cardio-vascular system?

Answer 18

• Cardiac hypertrophy
• stroke volume
• Bradycardia
• Cardio vascular endurance
• Stamina

Question 19

What happens after doing exercises for multiple months and years?

Answer 19

Adaptations occur which allow the athlete to train harder for longer with decreased recovery time. Which also results in an improved performance

Question 20

How is body shape a long term effect of exercise?

Answer 20

It can change depending on the type of training done. e.g. weight loss, better muscle tone and increase muscle mass

Question 21

What is Cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 21

The heart muscle get bigger.

Question 22

How does stroke volume increase as a result of cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 22

It contracts with more force so stroke volume also increases.

Question 23

How does stroke volume increasing result in a lower resting heart rate?

Answer 23

As stroke volume increases more blood is ejected per beat which means that resting heart rate decreases (bradycardia)

Question 24

What does cardiac hypertrophy and stroke volume result it?

Answer 24

Cardiac hypertrophy and stroke volume result in cardio vascular endurance building.

Question 25

What happens when muscles get bigger and stronger?

Answer 25

Muscular hypertrophy occur –> increase in muscles mass and size

Question 26

What does muscles hypertrophy cause to increase? What are some examples of how these increases will assist athletes in sport?

Answer 26

Muscular strength increases which is the force produced by a muscle. Allows a javelin thrower to throw further

Muscular endurance may also increase. Muscles become more resistance to fatigue. Allows long distance endurance athletes - run swim cycle to improve their performance

Question 27

What increases when muscular strength increases? What is an example of how this could affect a player in sport?

Answer 27

Speed may also improve. A sprinter can run at his/her top speed for longer … run/faster or a winger defeating the defender in football

Question 28

What is a benefit of flexibility improving as a long term effect? What is a sporting example?

Answer 28

Improves range of movement at a joint and less likely to get injured. A goalkeeper stretching to make a save

Question 29

How does the skeletal improve as a long term effect of exercise? What are its benefits?

Answer 29

With regular exercise - the tendons and ligaments become stronger, thicker and more elastic.
- Resulting in less chance of injury.
- Bones become strong and more dense.
- less chance of osteoporosis