1.4 skeletal System

Question 1

3 types of joints

Answer 1

1. Fibrous or fixed joints
2. Cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints
3. Synovial or freely moveable joints

Question 2

Examples of synovial joints

Answer 2

• ball and socket e.g. shoulder, hip
• hinge e.g. ankle, knee, elbow

Question 3

Ball and socket joint (movement, formed, articulating bones)

Answer 3

Movement = in all direction
Formed = round head of one bone fitting into the cup-shaped capsule of the connecting bone
Articulating bones = e.g. the hip; femur and pelvis e.g. the shoulder; scapula and humerus

Question 4

Hinge joint (movement, articulating bones)

Answer 4

Movement = allows movement in one direction

Articulating bones = e.g. ankle; talus, tibia, fibula e.g. knee; femur and tibia e.g. elbow; humerus, radius and ulna

Question 5

Sagittal, frontal and transverse plane description

Answer 5

Sagittal = vertical plane, divides body into right and left halves

Frontal = vertical plane, divides body into front and back halves

Transverse = divide body into upper and lower halves

Question 6

What types of movement can be performed on each plane of movement

Answer 6

Sagittal = extension and flexion.

Frontal = adduction and abduction

Transverse = rotation

Question 7

Sagittal, transverse and longitudinal axis description and movements that occur there

Answer 7

Sagittal = front to back e.g. abduction/adduction

Transverse = side to side e.g. extension/flexion

Longitudinal = top to bottom e.g. rotation

Question 8

Define all the movements that can occur at a joint

Answer 8

1. Flexion: Movement decreasing the angle between body parts (bending).
2. Extension: Movement increasing the angle between body parts (straightening).
3. Dorsi-Flexion: Flexing the toes so that they move closer to the shin
4. Plantar-Flexion: Extending the toes down, away from the shin
5. Hyperextension – Increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees when extending
6. Adduction: Movement of a body part toward the body’s midline
7. Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the body’s midline
8. Horizontal Adduction: Moving the arm towards the body from a 90 degree position
9. Horizontal Abduction: Moving the arm away from the body at a 90 degree position