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Social- og personlighedspsykologi > 14. Politics > Flashcards

14. Politics Flashcards

1
Q

Can we generalize from studies in WIERD people?

A

NO - they are going to generalize very poorly

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2
Q

Are most of the research on the psychology of politics made on WIERD or non-WIERD people and what problems causes that?

A

WIERD people - the studies are going to generalize very poorly

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3
Q

What is a top-down process of political attitudes?

A

acquisition of political attitudes through exposure to ideological bundles that are socially constructed by political elites

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4
Q

How can you acquire political attitudes bottom-up?

A

Underlying psychological need and motives that influence an individual’s receptiveness to specific ideological positions
(genes etc.)

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5
Q

If you are more reactive to scary images you are more likely to be more ________?

A

Conservative (but people don’t think this idea holds up - bad research)

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6
Q

Can the bottom-up or top-down approach to political attitudes best be used to generalize?

A

The bottom-up

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7
Q

What does Godwin’s law state?

A

As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1. (and whoever makes that comparison loses the argument)

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8
Q

definitions of authoritarianism

A

a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.

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9
Q

People high on authoritarianism scores high on 3 things - what are those?

A
  • A preference for convention
  • Submission to established authorities
  • Willingness to punish social deviants
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10
Q

Elevated authoritarianism scores are found among members of what parties?

A

British fascist party
Sovjet ultranationalist
Former nazi officers
Militant nationalist in Israel and Palenstine

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11
Q

Name 2 trends in authoritarianism scores of American legislators

A
  • Republicans score higher on authoritarianism

- Authoritarianism scores are higher in the south -> geographic differences

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12
Q

How is authoritarianism connected to politics?

A

It has been the guiding force of politics

more authoritarianism = more right-wing

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13
Q

SDO is short for what?

A

Social dominance orientation

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14
Q

If you are high on authoritarianism and SDO you are likely to vote for what party?

A

The republicans

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15
Q

Name 2 characteristics for people on the left

A
  • They favor marriage equality

- Favor progressive taxation

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16
Q

Name 2 characteristics for people on the right

A
  • They favor free markets

- They favor traditional gender roles

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17
Q

What are the 2 underlying dimensions for measuring sociopolitical attitudes?

A

-Attitudes towards equality (social dominance orientation)
(left = favor >< right oppose)
-Attitudes towards change (Right-wing authoritarianism)
(left = favor >< right = oppose)

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18
Q

RWA is short of what?

A

Right-wing authoritarianism

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19
Q

People, who favor Trump tend to be high on 2 features - what are those?

A

Conservatism + RWA agression

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20
Q

Especially 3 characteristics are negatively correlated with RWA - what are those characteristics?

A

Openness (-.35)
Intelligence (-.35)
Education (-.03)

21
Q

Are agreeableness and openness negatively or positively correlated with SDO?

A

Negatively correlated
Agreeableness (-0.30)
Openess (-0.15)

22
Q

Are the suburbs or urban areas higher on RWA?

A

Suburban

people living in the cities tend to be more progressive and more conservative people live in the suburbs

23
Q

Are the suburbs or urban areas higher on SDO?

A

Suburban

24
Q

Are the suburbs or rural areas higher on RWA and SDO?

A

Rural higher on RWA

Rural lower in SDO

25
Q

Can you just look at intelligence overall and say it is correlated more with either the left or right wing?

A

NO - it depends on how you measure intelligence
(EX: if you measure it as having high earning - people high in intelligence are more right orientated but if you measure it on education people are more left orientated)

26
Q

How can self-perceived ability influence authoritarianism?

A

Capable people adapt better to change and are more likely to feel positive about change (left)
People who doubt themselves more are more likely to score higher on authoritarianism

27
Q

What is the link between how somebody votes and their living situations?

A

People tend to move to an environment that fits their political view
Our beliefs influence what areas we choose to live in

28
Q

Do our beliefs influence where we live or does our living situation influence our beliefs?

A

Our beliefs influence where we choose to live

29
Q

What are conservatism’s most relevant big 5 correlates?

A
  • openness (low in openness)

+coinscientiousness (high)

30
Q

What is the definition of self-enhancement values?

A

The preference for values that emphasize the pursuit of one’s own interest and relative success and dominance over others rather than the welfare and interest of others ( success, wealth, social power over equality and social justice

31
Q

What is the definition of conservation values?

A

Empathizing order and self-restriction and de-empathizing the merits of independence of thought, feeling, and action as well as a readiness for change

32
Q

How do social attitudes change over time?

A

People become more conservative with age

People are lower in conservatism in their earlier years

33
Q

How are education and parenthood related to conservatism?

A

People tend to move more to the right (conservatism) when they enter parenthood and more educated people tend to enter parenthood later -> young parent become more conservative earlier

34
Q

What happens to someone social attitudes when they have kids

A

This usually pushes them more to the right

35
Q

Conservatives often states what about society?

A

That their society is experiencing a major decline -> thing has been better in the past

36
Q

Are the conservatives claim that things were better in the past supported by data?

A

NO - it is often felt but not demonstrated with data

37
Q

Why do conservative people see their society as declining when it actually isn’t?

A
  1. Aging and certain life-events (parenthood, increased professional responsibility) shift our perceptions of the world
  2. We are often guilty of naive realism (The deep conviction that one’s own perceptual experiences are true representations of external reality)
38
Q

What is naive realism?

A

The deep conviction that one’s own perceptual experiences are true representations of external reality

39
Q

How can you reduce naive realism?

A
  • Making people aware of changes in their perceptions (asking about their reflexes etc.)
  • experimental manipulation (ask people to answer questions where they are forced to admit or deny EX: All aspect of the world are more dangerous today than when I was a child - DENY)
40
Q

What can preventing mistaken perceptions prevent?

A

It might prevent conservative longing for the good old days

41
Q

What can lead to increases in conservatism (at a national level)

A

Periods of economic hardship and concerns over national security

42
Q

What are the causes of lasting right-wing shifts?

A
  • Occur among high-exposure survivors (EX: 9/11)
  • Occur in society in times of hardship and distress
  • Occur with parenthood
43
Q

What are the causes of lasting left-wing shifts?

A
  • College (especially prone with students doing well)

- Travel (people who travel a lot tend to be more open)

44
Q

What are the causes of short term ideological shifts?

A
  • When people are triggered to feel disgusted or concern with contamination
  • When people are made to feel vulnerable
  • decreased cognitive ability (ex: drunk people shift more to the right)
  • Decreased perception of ability
45
Q

Are ideological attitudes stable over time?

A

They are relative stable over the lifespan - but they still change

46
Q

What is moral dumbfounding? (Haidt)

A

When individuals have a moral reaction to an event or story but are unable to explain/justify their reaction while still retaining their moral evaluation (something is just wrong - can’t explain why)

47
Q

What does moral dumbfounding reflect according to Haidt?

A

The automatic and arational nature of our moral judgments

48
Q

For the left wing: denying marriage equality produces harm and is unfair

for the right-wing: allowing marriage equality is a violation of purity and rebuke to authority

WHAT DOES THIS REFLECT?

A

It reflects the fact the right-wingers and left-wingers differ in how we should even judge a given issue

49
Q

What does moral reasoning in non-WEIRD nations resemble most (left or right)

A

In non-weird nations, they tend to have moral reasoning that is more like the conservative reasoning in weird nations

Social- og personlighedspsykologi (19 decks)

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