13th Century Flashcards
What four reasons does Ferguson give for the emergence of universities as separate organizations in the 12th c.?
Increase in Scholarly literature
Specialization in subject matter at certain places
Increase in the number of students
Internationalization of students and teachers
According to Ferguson, which was the primary attractor of students in 13th c. university settings – the school or the teacher?
“In education the teacher always matters more than the place, however famous its name”
Originally, what were the differences in scope between the term “university” and the term “college?”
In modern institutional sense of “university” the whole community of students and masters, came into use at the end of the fourteenth century. “College” referred to the group of these persons who lived together, only later did it refer to the house itself.
According to Ferguson, what group of people were the primary source of Christian theology in the “early centuries of the church?” “Middle Ages?”
In Early centuries of the church most theological thought was produced by bishops (apart from some outstanding teachers like Justin and Origen). In Middle ages it came especially from monks (who in some cases were also bishops, as Anselm and Peter Lombard).
According to Ferguson, what three factors contributed to the peak of medieval intellectual culture attained in the 13th c.?
Development of Universities
Presence of the mendicant orders
Availability of the entire corpus of Aristotle
What were the three major advanced degrees?
theology, medicine, law
Where were the four major Universities around 1214?
Bologna
Paris
Cambridge
Oxford
Why was the rise in universities significant?
significance for development in theology - first time theological teaching exists outside of spiritual institutions
What were the two groups of friars and what were their characteristics?
Dominicans and Franciscans
Dominicans: preaching and studying, abstain from physical labor
Franciscans: poverty, humility, simplicity, outreach to the poor
Thomas Aquinas (Dominican) 1225-1274
Discovers Aristotle at Paris and studies with Albert magnus
- Most famouse for his work, the Suma
- Important to theology because brought Aristotle’s methodology and philosophy into Christian theology
Explain Aquinas’ Analogy of Being
Analogy of Being: words used of God that are used of human beings do not have the same meaning nor different meanings. Rather the have similar meanings because they have something in common.
-allows him to use human language to talk about God
