11th and 12th Century

Question 1

What were the different emphases of the two early Medieval centers of education – monastic schools and cathedral schools?

Answer 1

Monastic school – liberal arts emphasized spiritual formation through the reading of the Bible and the church fathers and participation in liturgical life.

Cathedral school – more emphasis on logic and philosophy

Question 2

Ferguson tells us that Scholasticism can be defined in three different ways. What are they?

Answer 2

1) Attitude, 2) Method, and 3) reason

Question 3

5. What led to the rise to “theology” as a separate academic discipline?

Answer 3

Exegetical quastiones arising out of the biblical text, especially from the letters of Paul, began
to be debated separately, and from these disputations arose “theology” as a separate academic discipline.

Question 4

What were three of the major theories of the atonement popular in the West in the
early 12th c.?

Answer 4

1. Ransom theory- Jesus paid the ransom to release mankind form the slavery to the devil
   that resulted from sin.
2. The moral-exemplar theory – Abelard
3. Sacrificial or satisfaction theory – Tertullian

Question 5

.What theory of the atonement did Abelard espouse? Define it.

Answer 5

Moral influence – God sent his Son as a revelation of his love and as a teacher and example. In Jesus Christ, the love of God was made 3
manifest. This love awakens a loving response in human beings, and this love is the basis of forgiveness.

Question 6

Who wrote the most frequently cited work of biblical exegesis in the later Middle Ages?

Answer 6

Peter Lombard

Question 7

What work finally displaced Lombard’s Sentences as the primary theological textbook
of the Church after Lombard’s work sat functioned in that role for nearly 300 years?

Answer 7

Thomas Aquinas’s Summa Theologiae

Question 8

What made a sacrament according to Peter Lombard? How many sacraments did he posit? What were they?

Answer 8

1) the union of words and matter or things makes a sacrament. The outward act, the sign of the sacrament, was itself effective and the cause of the result of the sacrament, its grace
2) 7
3) Baptism, confirmation, canons (penance), altar (eucharist), last altar (extreme unction), marriage, and ordination

Question 9

Whose full corpus did intellectuals in Islam and Judaism appropriate a full century before Christian intellectuals did so in the 13th?

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

According to Athanasius, what needed to happen so that the human race did not “perish
utterly?”

Answer 10

For the human race would have perished utterly had not the Lord and Savior of all, the Son of God, come among us to put an end to death.

Question 11

According to Athanasius, what did God to in order to renew his image in the human race?

Answer 11

The Word of God cam in His own Person, because it was he alone, the Image of the Father, who could recreate man made after the image.

Question 12

33. According to Anselm, for what did Christ allow himself to be killed?

Answer 12

Righteousness
“which were inflicted on him because of righteousness which, as we have said earlier, he was obediently maintaining, he set an example to mankind, the purpose of which as that people should not turn aside, without the provocation of any perceptible discomforts from the righteousness which they owe to God.”

Question 13

Abelard came up with what form and what does it consist of?

Answer 13

Questia
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