13.2 Flashcards
What is skill learning?
Learning how to perform a challenging task simply by doing it over and over
Is the medial temporal lobe required to gain skills and retain them?
No
What 3 skills are impaired by damage to the basal ganglia?
- sensorimotor skill
- perceptual skills
- cognitive skills
What is priming?
A change in the way you process a stimulus, usually a word or a picture, because you’ve seen it, or something similar, previously.
What is perceptual priming?
Related to reduced activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex
What is conceptual priming?
associated with reduced activation of the left frontal cortex
What is Associative Learning?
The association between two stimuli, or between a stimulus and a response
What is Classical conditioning?
Aka Pavlovian, learning that stimulus predicts specific outcomes; ringing a bell and putting meat powder in a dogs mouth will eventually cause the dog to start salivating when it hears the bell alone
What is eye blink condition?
It is a form of classical conditioning
What is crucial for simple eye-blinking conditioning?
Circuits in the cerebellum
What is the procedure for classical conditioning?
Neutral stimulus, repeatedly paired with a stimulus that elicits a response, begins to elicit the response of the stimulus when presented alone
What is Instrumental conditioning?
Aka operant conditioning; learning that a specific behavior produces a specific outcome; ex. animal learns that performing a certain action if followed by a reward
What are cognitive maps?
Memory representation of our spatial enviornment
What is crucial for spatial learning?
The hippocampus
What are place cells?
Cells in the hippocampus that become active when in, or moving toward, a particular location
What are the 3 different stages of memory?
Sensory buffers, Short term memories(STM), Long term memories (LTM)
What are sensory buffers?
The briefest recollection of sensory impressions
What are short term memories?
Memories that only last 30 seconds in the absence of rehearsal
What are long term memories?
An enduring form of memory that last days, weeks, months, or years
What are the 3 processes in memory?
Encoding, Consolidation, and Retrieval
What is encoding?
Sensory information being sent to your STM
What is consolidation?
Information being consul from your STM into LTM
What is Retrieval?
Stored information retrieved from your LTM
LTM has a vast capacity but is subject to forgetting.
What is a memory trace?
A persistent change in the brain that reflects the storage of memory; aka engram
Do memory trace deteriorate over time?
No but it tends to suffer interference from events before or after formation
What can happen to memories when retrieving information from LTM?
They become unstable and susceptible to disruption or alteration
What is Reconsolidation?
The re-stabilization of a memory trace after it’s been retrieved from long-term storage
