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AP Psychology > 13 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

13 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

Vocab

1
Q

Biological model

A

view that psychological disorders have a biochemical of physiological basis

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic model

A

view that psychological disorders result from unconscious internal conflicts

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3
Q

Cognitive-behavioral model

A

view that psychological disorders result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving

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4
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

View that people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder (those with a certain diathesis) will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress

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5
Q

Diathesis

A

biological predisposition

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6
Q

Systems approach

A

view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders. Also known as the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders

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7
Q

Insanity

A

legal term for mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions

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8
Q

Mood disorders

A

disturbances in mood or prolonged emotional state

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9
Q

Depression

A

A mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness

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10
Q

Psychotic

A

marked by defective or lost contact with reality

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11
Q

Mania

A

A mood disorder characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

A mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression atlernate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening

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13
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Disorders in which anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior

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15
Q

Specific phobia

A

anxiety disorder characterized by intense, paralyzing fear of something

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16
Q

Social phobia

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, inappropriate fears connected with social situations or performances in front of other people

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

multiple, intense fear of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home

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18
Q

Panic disorder

A

recurrent panic attacks in which a person suddenly experiences intense fear or terror without any reasonable cause

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19
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance

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20
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

person feels driven to think disturbing thought and/or perform senseless rituals

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21
Q

Psychosomatic disorders

A

disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety

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22
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

Disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basis

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23
Q

Somatization disorder

A

a somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause

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24
Q

Conversion disorders

A

somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems

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25
hypochondriasis/illness anxiety disorder
somatoform disorder in which a person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence of such illness
26
Body dysmorphic disorder
A somatoform disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible
27
Dissociative disorders
Disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest
28
Dissociative amnesia
a dissociative disorder characterized by loss of memory for past events without organic cause
29
Dissociative fugue
dissociative disorder that involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity, with amnesia for past identity and events
30
Dissociative identity disorder
A dissociative disorder in which a person has several distinct personalities that emerge at different times
31
Depersonalization disorder
A dissociative disorder whose essential feature is that the person suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way
32
Sexual dysfunction
loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual functions
33
Erectile disorder or erectile dysfunction (ED)
the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection
34
female sexual arousal disorder
the inability of a woman to become sexually aroused or to reach orgasm
35
Sexual desire disorder
person lacks sexual interest or has an active distaste for sex
36
Orgasm
peaking of sexual pleasure and release of sexual tension
37
Orgasmic disorders
inability to reach orgasm in a person able to experience sexual desire and maintain arousal
38
Premature ejaculation
inability of a man to inhibit orgasm as long as desired
39
Vaginismus
involuntary muscle spasms in the outer part of the vagina that make intercourse impossible
40
Paraphilias
sexual disorders in which unconventional objects or situations cause sexual arousal
41
Fetishism
paraphilia in which a non-human object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement
42
Voyeurism
Desire to watch others having sexual relations or to spy on nude people
43
Exhibitionism
compulsion to expose one's genitals in public to achieve sexual arousal
44
Frotteurism
compulsion to achieve sexual arousal by touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person in public situations
45
Transvestic Fetishism
wearing the clothes of the opposite sex to achieve sexual gratification
46
Sexual sadism
obtaining sexual gratification from humiliating or physically harming a sex partner
47
Sexual masochism
Inability to enjoy sex without accompanying emotional or physical pain
48
Pedophilia
Desire to have sexual relations with children as the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement
49
Gender-identity disorders
Disorders that involve the desire to become, or the insistence that one is a member of the other biological sex
50
Gender identity disorder in children
Rejection of one's biological gender in childhood, along with the clothing and behavior society considers appropriate to that gender
51
Personality disorders
disorders in which inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person and/or conflicts with others
52
Schizoid personality disorder
Personality disorder in which a person is withdrawn and lacks feelings for others
53
Paranoid personality disorder
Personality disorder in which the person is inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others
54
Dependent personality disorder
Personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices and decision independently and cannot tolerate being alone
55
Avoidant personality disorder
Personality disorder in which the person's fears of rejection by others leads to social isolation
56
Narcissistic personality disorder
Personality disorder in which the person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration
57
Borderline personality disorder
Personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships
58
Antisocial personality disorder
Personality disorder that involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative behavior and an inability to feel affection for others
59
Schizophrenic disorders
Sever disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations
60
Hallucinations
sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation
61
Delusions
false beliefs about reality that have no basis in fact
62
Disorganized schizophrenia
schizophrenic disorder in which bizarre and childlike behaviors are common
63
Catatonic schizophrenia
schizophrenic disorder in which disturbed motor behavior is prominent
64
Paranoid schizophrenia
schizophrenic disorder marked by extreme auspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions
65
Undifferentiated schizophrenia
schizophrenic disorder in which there are clear schizophrenic symptoms that don't meet the criteria for another subtype of the disorder
66
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A childhood disorder characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity
67
Psychostimulants
Drugs that increase ability to focus attention in children with ADHD
68
Autistic disorder
a childhood disorder characterized by lack of social instincts and strange motor behavior

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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