13 Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Vocab
Biological model
view that psychological disorders have a biochemical of physiological basis
Psychoanalytic model
view that psychological disorders result from unconscious internal conflicts
Cognitive-behavioral model
view that psychological disorders result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving
Diathesis-stress model
View that people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder (those with a certain diathesis) will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress
Diathesis
biological predisposition
Systems approach
view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders. Also known as the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders
Insanity
legal term for mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions
Mood disorders
disturbances in mood or prolonged emotional state
Depression
A mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness
Psychotic
marked by defective or lost contact with reality
Mania
A mood disorder characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity
Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression atlernate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening
Cognitive distortions
an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events
Anxiety disorders
Disorders in which anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior
Specific phobia
anxiety disorder characterized by intense, paralyzing fear of something
Social phobia
an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, inappropriate fears connected with social situations or performances in front of other people
Agoraphobia
multiple, intense fear of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home
Panic disorder
recurrent panic attacks in which a person suddenly experiences intense fear or terror without any reasonable cause
Generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
person feels driven to think disturbing thought and/or perform senseless rituals
Psychosomatic disorders
disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety
Somatoform disorders
Disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basis
Somatization disorder
a somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause
Conversion disorders
somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems
hypochondriasis/illness anxiety disorder
somatoform disorder in which a person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence of such illness
Body dysmorphic disorder
A somatoform disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible
Dissociative disorders
Disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest