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AP Psychology > 13 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

13 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

Vocab

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1
Q

Biological model

A

view that psychological disorders have a biochemical of physiological basis

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic model

A

view that psychological disorders result from unconscious internal conflicts

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3
Q

Cognitive-behavioral model

A

view that psychological disorders result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving

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4
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

View that people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder (those with a certain diathesis) will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress

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5
Q

Diathesis

A

biological predisposition

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6
Q

Systems approach

A

view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders. Also known as the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders

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7
Q

Insanity

A

legal term for mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions

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8
Q

Mood disorders

A

disturbances in mood or prolonged emotional state

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9
Q

Depression

A

A mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness

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10
Q

Psychotic

A

marked by defective or lost contact with reality

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11
Q

Mania

A

A mood disorder characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

A mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression atlernate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening

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13
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Disorders in which anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior

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15
Q

Specific phobia

A

anxiety disorder characterized by intense, paralyzing fear of something

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16
Q

Social phobia

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, inappropriate fears connected with social situations or performances in front of other people

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

multiple, intense fear of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home

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18
Q

Panic disorder

A

recurrent panic attacks in which a person suddenly experiences intense fear or terror without any reasonable cause

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19
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance

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20
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

person feels driven to think disturbing thought and/or perform senseless rituals

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21
Q

Psychosomatic disorders

A

disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety

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22
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

Disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basis

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23
Q

Somatization disorder

A

a somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause

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24
Q

Conversion disorders

A

somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems

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25
Q

hypochondriasis/illness anxiety disorder

A

somatoform disorder in which a person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence of such illness

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26
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

A somatoform disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible

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27
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest

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28
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

a dissociative disorder characterized by loss of memory for past events without organic cause

29
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

dissociative disorder that involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity, with amnesia for past identity and events

30
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

A dissociative disorder in which a person has several distinct personalities that emerge at different times

31
Q

Depersonalization disorder

A

A dissociative disorder whose essential feature is that the person suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way

32
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual functions

33
Q

Erectile disorder or erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection

34
Q

female sexual arousal disorder

A

the inability of a woman to become sexually aroused or to reach orgasm

35
Q

Sexual desire disorder

A

person lacks sexual interest or has an active distaste for sex

36
Q

Orgasm

A

peaking of sexual pleasure and release of sexual tension

37
Q

Orgasmic disorders

A

inability to reach orgasm in a person able to experience sexual desire and maintain arousal

38
Q

Premature ejaculation

A

inability of a man to inhibit orgasm as long as desired

39
Q

Vaginismus

A

involuntary muscle spasms in the outer part of the vagina that make intercourse impossible

40
Q

Paraphilias

A

sexual disorders in which unconventional objects or situations cause sexual arousal

41
Q

Fetishism

A

paraphilia in which a non-human object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement

42
Q

Voyeurism

A

Desire to watch others having sexual relations or to spy on nude people

43
Q

Exhibitionism

A

compulsion to expose one’s genitals in public to achieve sexual arousal

44
Q

Frotteurism

A

compulsion to achieve sexual arousal by touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person in public situations

45
Q

Transvestic Fetishism

A

wearing the clothes of the opposite sex to achieve sexual gratification

46
Q

Sexual sadism

A

obtaining sexual gratification from humiliating or physically harming a sex partner

47
Q

Sexual masochism

A

Inability to enjoy sex without accompanying emotional or physical pain

48
Q

Pedophilia

A

Desire to have sexual relations with children as the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement

49
Q

Gender-identity disorders

A

Disorders that involve the desire to become, or the insistence that one is a member of the other biological sex

50
Q

Gender identity disorder in children

A

Rejection of one’s biological gender in childhood, along with the clothing and behavior society considers appropriate to that gender

51
Q

Personality disorders

A

disorders in which inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person and/or conflicts with others

52
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Personality disorder in which a person is withdrawn and lacks feelings for others

53
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

Personality disorder in which the person is inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others

54
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices and decision independently and cannot tolerate being alone

55
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

Personality disorder in which the person’s fears of rejection by others leads to social isolation

56
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

Personality disorder in which the person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration

57
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships

58
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Personality disorder that involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative behavior and an inability to feel affection for others

59
Q

Schizophrenic disorders

A

Sever disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations

60
Q

Hallucinations

A

sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation

61
Q

Delusions

A

false beliefs about reality that have no basis in fact

62
Q

Disorganized schizophrenia

A

schizophrenic disorder in which bizarre and childlike behaviors are common

63
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

schizophrenic disorder in which disturbed motor behavior is prominent

64
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

schizophrenic disorder marked by extreme auspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions

65
Q

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

A

schizophrenic disorder in which there are clear schizophrenic symptoms that don’t meet the criteria for another subtype of the disorder

66
Q

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

A childhood disorder characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity

67
Q

Psychostimulants

A

Drugs that increase ability to focus attention in children with ADHD

68
Q

Autistic disorder

A

a childhood disorder characterized by lack of social instincts and strange motor behavior

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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