13. Male and Female Perineum

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the perineum

Answer 1

Anterior boundary- pubic symphysis
Posterior- coccyx
Lateral- Ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments
Superior- pelvic diaphragm
Inferior- skin associated with external genitalia and anal canal

Question 2

What are the two triangles of the perineum

Answer 2

Urogenital- contains urethra and external genitalia

Anal- contains anal canal and anus

Question 3

How do the contents of the anal canal differ between men and women

Answer 3

They are the same with identical internal and external anal sphincters

Question 4

What are the boundaries of the ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae

Answer 4

Lateral wall- obturator internus and ischium
Superomedial wall- levator ani and anal canal
Base- skin of perineum

Question 5

What are the contents of the pudendal canal

Answer 5

• Pudendal N
• Internal Pudendal A
• Internal Pudendal V

Question 6

What supplies and drains the anal canal

Answer 6

Inferior rectal artery and vein off the internal pudendals

Question 7

What makes up the male urogenital triangle

Answer 7

• Superficial perineal space

- Deep perineal space (urogenital diaphragm and associated fascia and structures)

Question 8

What is the purpose of the Bulbourethral galnds

Answer 8

Produce mucous and secrete it into the urethra prior to ejaculation

Question 9

What urinary muscle is present in the deep perineal space of females but not males

Answer 9

Compressor urethrae

Question 10

What supplies blood to the corpus cavernosum

Answer 10

Corpus cavernosum supplied by deep artery of penis

Question 11

What does the term vulva include

Answer 11

2 Labia majora
2 Labia minora
Glans clitoris

(external structures only)

Question 12

What are the contents of the vestibule of the vagina

Answer 12

• External urethral orifice
• Vaginal orifice
• Paraurethral glands orifices
• Greater vestibular glands orifices

Question 13

What does the external pudendal a supply in males and females

Answer 13

males- scrotum and penis

females- labia majora and clitoris

Question 14

How does the internal pduendal artery supply pernieal structures

Answer 14

Branches off the internal iliac artery and passes through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen to enter the pudendal canal

Question 15

What are skeletal muscles in the perineum innervated by

Answer 15

perineal nerve innervates

• ischiocavernosus m
• bulbospongiosus m
• deep transverse perineal m
• superficial transverse perineal m
• sphincter urethrae

Question 16

What are some causes of impotence

Answer 16

• nerve damage to prostatic nerve plexus
• atherosclerosis
• type II diabetes
• spinal cord injury
• hormonal disorders
• psychological disorders

Question 17

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the perineum

Answer 17

Superifical inguinal nodes drains the superificail perineal space, distal vagina and anal canal inferior to pectinate line
Internal iliac nodes drain the deep perineal space, proximal vagina and anal canal superior to pectinate line

Question 18

What is an Epistiotomy

Answer 18

-surgical incision between vagina and anus to prevent perineal tear during delivery

Most common type is medio-lateral incision
Repair involves 3 layers of tissue