11. GI Correlations

Question 1

What is Cachexia

Answer 1

A profound and marked state of constitutional disorder; general ill health and malnutrition

Question 2

What is Coffee-ground emesis

Answer 2

Denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes the form of coffee grounds when in contact with acidic envrionment

Question 3

What is Dyspepsia

Answer 3

Postprandial epigastric discomfort

Question 4

What is Hematemesis

Answer 4

Vomiting blood

Question 5

What is Hematochezia

Answer 5

Passage of bright red blood or marron stools

Question 6

What is Melena

Answer 6

Dark colored stool consistent with broken down hemosiderin in bowel; typically malodorous, sticky, thick like paste ‘tarry’

Question 7

What is Virchow’s Node

Answer 7

Palpable mass, lymph node, in the left supraclavicular/sternoclavicular fossa

Question 8

What risk factors are associated with a Small Bowel Obstruction

Answer 8

Prior abdominal or pelvic surgery causing adhesions

Question 9

What are Red Flags when it comes to GI issues

Answer 9

• PERSISTENT vomiting
• CONSTANT/SEVERE pain
• dysphagia
• hematemesis
• melena
• odynophagia
• weight loss (unintentional)
• palpable mass

Question 10

What is secondary to a upper GI bleed 90% of the time

Answer 10

Melena

Question 11

What usually occurs due to a lower GI bleed

Answer 11

Hematochezia

Question 12

When a patient has coffee ground emesis what is most likely cause

Answer 12

Ulcer diagnosed with EGD

Question 13

What causes Malt Lymphoma

Answer 13

H Pylori

Question 14

What are the common diagnoses associated with quadranties

Answer 14

RUQ- Gallbladder shit
RLQ- Appendicitis (gyn)
LUQ- Gastritis, Peptuc Ulcer
LLQ- Diverticulitis
Epigastric- Pancreatitis, GERD, Peptic ulcer

Question 15

What is Oropharyngeal dysphagia

Answer 15

Trouble initiating swallowing

-Parkinsons, Sjogren, Zenker diverticulum

Question 16

What are the two main causes of Esophageal Dysphagia

Answer 16

Mechanical obstruction

Motility Disorder

Question 17

What are the major labs for GI / abdominal workup

Answer 17

• CBC
• CMP (BMP)
• Urinalysis
• Pregancy

Question 18

What comes in a CBC with diff compared to without diff

Answer 18

With diff has percentage and absolute counts of Lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes

Question 19

What is barium esophagography used for

Answer 19

• Subtle narrowing of esophagus due to rings
• Achalasia
• Proximal esophageal lesions

Question 20

What is unique about an ERCP as a diagnostic tool

Answer 20

Can also be used for therapeutic techniques

Question 21

What is the most common cause of Upper GI bleeds

Answer 21

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Question 22

What is the most prevalent chronic bacterial disease

Answer 22

H Pylori

Causes: Peptic ulcers, gastritis, MALT lymphoma and duodenal ulcers

Question 23

How does H Pylori survive

Answer 23

Urease hydrolyzes gastric urea to form ammonia that helps neutralize gastric acid

(UREA BREATH TEST)

Question 24

What landmark distinguishes an upper GI bleed from a lower GI bleed

Answer 24

Ligament of Treitz

Question 25

What is Chagas

Answer 25

• Secondary Achalasia

- Caused by kissing bug or Trypanosoma Cruzi