13 energy and ecosystems

Question 1

what is a trophic evel?

Answer 1

the position an organism occurs within anenergy transfer

Question 2

what are the 3 groups that organisms are divided into in a food chain?

Answer 2

producers
consumers
saprobionts

Question 3

at what trophic level is a producer?

Answer 3

auto trophic

Question 4

at what trophic level is a consumer?

Answer 4

heterotrophic

Question 5

at wha trophic level is a saprobiont?

Answer 5

hetero/saprotrophic

Question 6

what does autotrophic mean?

Answer 6

that the organisms build up organic compounds from simple molecules

Question 7

what does heterotrophic mean?

Answer 7

that the organisms rely on an eternal source for organic compounds

Question 8

what types of consumers are there?

Answer 8

primary
secondary
tertiary

Question 9

what do all types of consumers eat?

Answer 9

primary eat producers
secondary eat primary
tertiary eat secondary

Question 10

what are saprobionts?

Answer 10

organisms that break down organic compounds/dead organisms

Question 11

give an example of a consumer

Answer 11

animal

Question 12

give an example of a saprobiont

Answer 12

bacteria
fungi

Question 13

what do arrows in a food chain indicate?

Answer 13

direction of energy transfer

Question 14

what is a food web?

Answer 14

multiple food chains

Question 15

what is biomass?

Answer 15

the total mass of organic material in a specific area at a given time

Question 16

what is organic material?

Answer 16

carbon

Question 17

how do you calculate energy stored in biomass?

Answer 17

using a bomb calorimeter/calorimetry

Question 18

how is energy stored in biomass calculated using a bomb calorimeter?

Answer 18

1. dry biomass is combusted within a sealed chamber (bomb)
2. heat energy released causes temperature change in the water that the bomb is surrounded by
3. energy is calculated using the specific heat capacity and the volume an temperature rise of water

Question 19

why are pyramids of energy pyramid shaped?

Answer 19

because energy is lost at each trophic level

Question 20

SPACE FOR ENERGY TRANSFER

Question 21

what are the 4 processes in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 21

nitrification
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
decomposition/ammonification

Question 22

what microorganism undergoes nitrification?

Answer 22

nitrifying bacteria

Question 23

what microorganism undergoes denitrification?

Answer 23

denitrifying bacteria

Question 24

what microorganism undergoes nitrogen fixation?

Answer 24

nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 25

what microorganism undergoes decomposition/ammonification?

Answer 25

saprobionts

Question 26

what is the reaction for nitrification?

Answer 26

ammonia to nitrites to nitrates
NH3 -> NO2- -> NO3-

Question 27

what is the reaction for denitrification?

Answer 27

nitrates to nitrogen gas
NO3- -> N2

Question 28

what is the reaction for nitrogen fixation?

Answer 28

nitrogen gas to ammonia
N2 -> NH3