13. Endocrine System Flashcards
Accumulations of Oxytocin and ADH in the neurohypophis (posterior pituitary) are known as?
Herring bodies
This is a type of chemical messenger secretion that affects the cell that secretes it.
autocrine
Circular nests of cells found immediately underneath the capsule of the adrenal is known as what?
Zona Glomerulosa
Cells in the Zona Reticularis may appear dark due to the presence of this?
lipofuscin
Hormones work by binding to them.
receptors
Circular collections of cells in the thyroid are known as this?
Follicles
What is the primary kind of cell found in the anterior pituitary?
epithelial
When calcified, this organ can be used on x-ray to mark the centre of the brain.
Pineal
This is the name of the bone that surrounds the pituitary.
Sella Turcica
A cell that surrounds a follicle in the thyroid. It produces thyroxine.
Follicular cell
This cell is between the follicles in the thyroid it produces calcitonin. It is not normally visible with an H&E stain.
C cell
Fat and oxyphil cells found here
Parathyroid
3 regions of adrenal gland?
Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
Example of a discrete endocrine organ
Pituitary
3 anatomical regions of anterior pituitary
Pars distalis, intermedia, tuberalis
2 acidophils
- Somatotrophs
- Lactotrophs
3 basophils
- Thyrotrophs
- Gonadotrophs
- Corticotrophs
These cells are stem cells
Chromophobes
2 chromophils
- Acidophils
- Basophils
Neuroglial cells of the posterior pituitary
Pituicytes
3 types of cells found in parathyroid
- Adipocytes
- Chief cells
- Oxyphil cells
Are probably inactive chief cells
Oxyphil cells
What happens to parathyroid as one ages
Infiltration with fat
Calcified deposits also known as brain sand
corpora arenacea
Calcitonin is secreted by?
Parafollicular cells
What do follicular cells secrete
Thyroxine
Joins the 2 lateral lobes of the thyroid
Isthmus
What does the adrenal cortex synthesize and secrete?
Steroid hormones
What does the adrenal medulla synthesize and secrete?
Vasoactive amines
Hormones produced by adrenal medulla?
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
Produces aldosterone
Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
If not found in the centre of its organ, may indicate presence of hidden tumour
Pineal
Produced by zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex
Cortisol, corticosterone
Produced by zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
Androgen, estrogen
Effect of PTH on calcium levels?
Decreases it
Endocrine organ primarily composed of neurons and glial cells
Pineal
Largest endocrine organ?
Diffuse neuroendocrine system
Where can you find gonadotrophs?
Anterior pituitary
