13. Endocrine System

Question 1

Accumulations of Oxytocin and ADH in the neurohypophis (posterior pituitary) are known as?

Answer 1

Herring bodies

Question 2

This is a type of chemical messenger secretion that affects the cell that secretes it.

Answer 2

autocrine

Question 3

Circular nests of cells found immediately underneath the capsule of the adrenal is known as what?

Answer 3

Zona Glomerulosa

Question 4

Cells in the Zona Reticularis may appear dark due to the presence of this?

Answer 4

lipofuscin

Question 5

Hormones work by binding to them.

Answer 5

receptors

Question 6

Circular collections of cells in the thyroid are known as this?

Answer 6

Follicles

Question 7

What is the primary kind of cell found in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 7

epithelial

Question 8

When calcified, this organ can be used on x-ray to mark the centre of the brain.

Answer 8

Pineal

Question 9

This is the name of the bone that surrounds the pituitary.

Answer 9

Sella Turcica

Question 10

A cell that surrounds a follicle in the thyroid. It produces thyroxine.

Answer 10

Follicular cell

Question 11

This cell is between the follicles in the thyroid it produces calcitonin. It is not normally visible with an H&E stain.

Answer 11

C cell

Question 12

Fat and oxyphil cells found here

Answer 12

Parathyroid

Question 13

3 regions of adrenal gland?

Answer 13

Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

Question 14

Example of a discrete endocrine organ

Answer 14

Pituitary

Question 15

3 anatomical regions of anterior pituitary

Answer 15

Pars distalis, intermedia, tuberalis

Question 16

2 acidophils

Answer 16

• Somatotrophs

- Lactotrophs

Question 17

3 basophils

Answer 17

• Thyrotrophs
• Gonadotrophs
• Corticotrophs

Question 18

These cells are stem cells

Answer 18

Chromophobes

Question 19

2 chromophils

Answer 19

• Acidophils

- Basophils

Question 20

Neuroglial cells of the posterior pituitary

Answer 20

Pituicytes

Question 21

3 types of cells found in parathyroid

Answer 21

• Adipocytes
• Chief cells
• Oxyphil cells

Question 22

Are probably inactive chief cells

Answer 22

Oxyphil cells

Question 23

What happens to parathyroid as one ages

Answer 23

Infiltration with fat

Question 24

Calcified deposits also known as brain sand

Answer 24

corpora arenacea

Question 25

Calcitonin is secreted by?

Answer 25

Parafollicular cells

Question 26

What do follicular cells secrete

Answer 26

Thyroxine

Question 27

Joins the 2 lateral lobes of the thyroid

Answer 27

Isthmus

Question 28

What does the adrenal cortex synthesize and secrete?

Answer 28

Steroid hormones

Question 29

What does the adrenal medulla synthesize and secrete?

Answer 29

Vasoactive amines

Question 30

Hormones produced by adrenal medulla?

Answer 30

• Adrenaline

- Noradrenaline

Question 31

Produces aldosterone

Answer 31

Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

Question 32

If not found in the centre of its organ, may indicate presence of hidden tumour

Answer 32

Pineal

Question 33

Produced by zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

Answer 33

Cortisol, corticosterone

Question 34

Produced by zona reticularis of adrenal cortex

Answer 34

Androgen, estrogen

Question 35

Effect of PTH on calcium levels?

Answer 35

Decreases it

Question 36

Endocrine organ primarily composed of neurons and glial cells

Answer 36

Pineal

Question 37

Largest endocrine organ?

Answer 37

Diffuse neuroendocrine system

Question 38

Where can you find gonadotrophs?

Answer 38

Anterior pituitary