12. Urinary System Flashcards
The renal artery enters the kidney in a region known as the _______
hilum
There are generally two types of nephrons. The lower ones are known as
___________ nephrons. (one word). These nephrons have tubules that terminate in the lower medulla.
juxtamedullary
Transitional epithelium is also known as
urothelium
The visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule contains cells known as __________
podocytes
Medullary rays are extensions of what into the cortex? (two words)
collecting ducts
The surface cells in the bladder may also be known as _______ cells
umbrella
The nephrons which are primarily responsible for fluid balance are known as _________ nephrons
juxtamedullary
The Juxtaglomerular apparatus consists primarily of what 3 components?
- macula densa
- juxtaglomerular cells
- Lacis cells
The support tissue found in the glomerulus is known as the? (one word, be specific)
mesangium
Although the male and female urethras are no identical, in some regions they both contain stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. T/F
True
The apex of the medullary pyramid is also known as the _____
papilla
The proximal convoluted tubule connects to the glomerus in a region known as the ________ pole
urinary
A renal lobule consists of?
Medullary ray + all the associated nephrons that empty into it
A renal lobe consists of?
Medullary pyramid + associated cortex
How to tell PCT and DCT cells apart?
PCT are larger and have more numerous, prominent microvilli
There are generally two types of nephrons. The upper ones are known as _________ nephrons
cortical
Anatomic divisions of the kidney?
- Cortex
- Medulla
- Pelvis/sinus
3 components that are primarily found in the kidney cortex
- Glomeruli
- PCT
- Collecting tubules
3 components that are OCCASIONALLY found in the kidney cortex
- Collecting ducts (medullary rays)
- Portions of loop of Henle
- Blood vessels
3 components primarily found in kidney medulla
- Loop of Henle
- Vasa recta
- Collecting ducts
Nephron consists of what 2 things
- Renal corpuscle
- Associated tubules
Kidney cortex extends down in columns known as?
Columns of Bertin
Cause of granular appearance of kidney cortex?
Glomeruli
Glomeruli are also known as?
Renal corpuscles
Broad base of pyramids in medulla bordering the cortex is known as?
Corticomedullary region
Purpose of columns of Bertin?
Allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels
Juxtaglomerular body helps maintain _________ (2 things) and production of ________
blood pressure, blood volume
production of renin
2 functions of juxtaglomerular body
- Maintenance of BP and blood volume
- Production of renin
3 regions in male urethra
- Prostatic
- Membranous
- Spongy
3 components of cortex
- Glomeruli
- PCT
- DCT
Function of columns of Bertin?
Passage of nerves and blood vessels
