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Microanatomy > 10. Digestive System 1 > Flashcards

10. Digestive System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This part of the stomach has pits and glands which occupy roughly equal portions.

A

pylorus

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2
Q

This type of epithelium lines the esophagus

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Taste buds consists of a pore on the surface with what 3 cells?

A
  • Sensory
  • Supporting
  • Basal
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4
Q

Large folds in the mucosa of the small bowel are called what?

A

villi

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5
Q

Surrounding the anal canal are 2 sphincters. The internal spincter is of _________ muscle; external spincter is made of ___________muscle

A 
Internal = smooth muscle
External = striated muscle
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6
Q

4 functional divisions of digestive tract?

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Simple passages
  • Digestive tract proper
  • Related organs
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7
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands located

A

Duodenum - mainly submucosa, some in lamina propria

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8
Q

What are the large intralobular ducts called in the salivary glands.

A

Striated ducts

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9
Q

Difference between plicae vs villus?

A

Plicae - involves mucosa AND submucosa

Villus - only involves mucosa

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10
Q

Lymphoid aggregates of the pharynx

A

Palatine tonsils

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11
Q

This is the name for glands found between villi in the small intestine.

A

crypts of lieberkuhn (intestinal glands)

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12
Q

These stomach cells have a basophilic cytoplasm and secrete pepsin

A

chief cells

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13
Q

Area of stomach where most of the gastric juice is made

A

Fundus and body last 2/3 of muscosa (i.e. where the glands are located)

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14
Q

Large bowel divided into what 3 parts

A
  • Cecum
  • Sigmoid
  • Rectum
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15
Q

2 types of glands in submucosa and where they are found?

A

Superficial mucous glands - entrance and exit from esophagus

Submucosal glands - found throughout middle of esophagus

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16
Q

This part of the stomach has pits which occupy roughly one third of the thickness of the mucosa while the glands occupy rougly two thirds.

A

Body

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17
Q

This is the final portion of the stomach

A

pylorus

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18
Q

________ are the prominent folds in the stomach when it’s empty

A

Rugae

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19
Q

Type of muscle found in the upper, middle, and end of muscularis propria of esophagus

A 
Upper = skeletal
Middle = skeletal + smooth
End = Smooth
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20
Q

Unique, dark-staining cells at the base of glands that produce antimicrobials (e.g. lysozyme)

A

Paneth cells

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21
Q

3 ways SI increases surface area

A
  • Plicae (submucosa, mucosa)
  • Villi (muscosa)
  • Brush border
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22
Q

Epithelium of oral cavity?

A

Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium

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23
Q

Which outer layer?

  • Organs free in perotoneum
  • Covered w/ mesothelium
A

Serosa

24
Q

These papillae are mushroom shaped

A

fungiform

25
Q

This salivary gland is mixed seromucous

A

Submandibular

26
Q

Where is the cardiac sphincter found?

A

Gastroesophageal junction

27
Q

Gastroesophageal junction has an abrupt transition from _________ epithelium to _______ epithelium

A

stratified squamous to columnar

28
Q

Dark staining cells found in the glands of the SI?

A

Paneth cells

29
Q

4 histologic layers of GI tract?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis propria/externa
  • adventitia/serosa
30
Q

What is found on the back 1/3 of the tongue? Front 2/3?

A

Back - raised lymphoid tissue

Front - raised papillae

31
Q

Mucosa and submucosa are folded into __________

A

plicae circularis

32
Q

Tubular glands at the base of villi?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands)

33
Q

Which organ is characterized by straight tubular glands and the absence of villi?

A

colon

34
Q

Unique aspect of the muscularis propria only seen in the esophagus

A

Muscles are not exclusively smooth muscle (skeletal at upper part)

35
Q

this salivary gland is entirely serous

A

parotid

36
Q

Where are Meissner’s plexus found? Auerbach’s plexus?

A

Meissner’s - submucosa

Auerbach’s - muscularis propria

37
Q

Central lymphatic of a villus?

A

Lacteal

38
Q

These glands identify the duodenum

A

Brunner’s glands

39
Q

Which outer layer?

  • Organs are attached to surrounding tissues
  • LACK mesothelium
A

Adventitia

40
Q

These pale, eosinophilic stomach cells secrete HCl

A

parietal cells

41
Q

These papillae divide the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue

A

circumvallate

42
Q

Type of muscle, type connective tissue, type of glands found in base of tongue?

A
  • Skeletal muscle (multiple directions)
  • Dense connective tissue
  • Seromucous glands
43
Q

This links the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

44
Q

Name of autonomic ganglia found in muscularis propria of GI tract?

A

Auerbach’s plexus

45
Q

This is the first anatomic division of the stomach.

A

cardia

46
Q

What is the first part of the ductal system called in the salivary gland?

A

intercalated ducts

47
Q

4 anatomic regions of stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

48
Q

Epithelium of the top of the tongue?

A

Thicker, KERATINIZED stratified squamous

49
Q

Surface cell with microvilli

A

Enterocyte

50
Q

This salivary gland is almost entirely mucous.

A

sublingual

51
Q

The prominent folds of mucosa in the anal canal are called __________

A

anal columns

52
Q

Which part of the GI tract has:

  • no plicae/villi
  • abundant goblet cells
  • straight tubular glands
  • more crypts
A

Large intestine

53
Q

3 simple passage organs?

A
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Anal canal
54
Q

The 2 tongue papilla WITH taste buds?

A

Fugiform papilla

Circumvallate papilla

55
Q

What are large folds of the submucosa in the small bowel called?

A

Plicae circularis

56
Q

What do each of the upper and lower divisions of the GI tract consist of?

A

Upper: mouth to esophagus
Lower: stomach to anus

Microanatomy (16 decks)

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