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DONT USE THIS > 1.3 Enchancements > Flashcards

1.3 Enchancements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 polymer enchancements

A

Antioxidants, Antistatic, UV light stabilisers, Biodegradable plasticisers, Fillers, Flame retardant, Lubricant, Pigment, Plasticisers, Thermal antioxidants

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2
Q

What polymer enhancement is “reduce the deterioration of a polymer from exposure to oxygen in the air which can lead to brittleness, surface cracks and discolouration”

A

Antioxidants

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3
Q

What polymer enhancement is “reduce the build-up of static charge by improving electrical conductivity slightly which attracts moisture from the surroundings and helps prevent the build-up of dust and dirt on plastic parts with electrical internals.”

A

Anti statics

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4
Q

What polymer enhancement is “help prevent polymer molecular chains from breaking due to sunlight (UV energy). UV attack causes fading of colours or yellowing, brittleness and surface cracks”

A

UV light stabilisers

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4
Q

What polymer enhancement is “are used to speed up degradation times e.g. oxy-degradable additives added to carrier bags to ensure the bag disintegrates”

A

Biodegradable plasticisers

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5
Q

What polymer enhancement is “reduce the amount of polymer required (saving money) and some minerals e.g. chalk can increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer meaning it will heat up and cool down more quickly; which gives shorter mould cycle times (faster production rates)”

A

Fillers

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6
Q

What are the 3 wood preservatives types

A

Copper based, pigmented preservatives via pressure treatment, Cellulose based

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6
Q

What polymer enhancement is “are used to make plastics softer and more flexible e.g. PVC vs uPVC. Also useful in polymer production as they help to decrease the viscosity (aiding flow) and lower the polymer’s softening and melting temperatures”

A

plasticisers

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6
Q

What polymer enhancement is “reduce the likelihood of combustion or the spread of fire”

A

flame retardants

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7
Q

What polymer enhancement is “reduce the viscosity of molten polymer material to help it flow more easily and fill intricate mould cavities. They save energy/money compared to raising the temperature of molten polymer to reduce viscosity”

A

lubricant

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8
Q

What polymer enhancement is “are coloured particles that are mixed into a molten polymer to add colour”

A

pigment

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8
Q

What polymer enhancement is “help prevent a polymer oxidising or discolouration due to excessive heat when being processed”

A

thermal antioxidants

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9
Q

How does cellulose based wood enhancements enhance the wood

A

harder wood

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10
Q

What are the 3 SCLs (Structural composite lumbers)

A

Glulam, LVL (Laminated veneer lumber) , OSB (Oriented strand board)

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10
Q

What are the 4 adv of SCL’s

A

Greater stability, Defect free, Great length, greater strength than concrete

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10
Q

How does copper based wood enhancements enhance the wood

A

better fungicidal properties

11
Q

What are combined with SCLs to enhance them via flame retardance and moisture resistance

A

a resin

12
Q

What happens inside the metal as it is work hardened (Cold worked)

A

Crystals distort and move

13
Q

What are the 4 metal enhancement processes

A

Work hardening, Annealing, Case hardening, Frame hardening and tempering

14
Q

What type of steel is case hardening used on and why

A

low/mild carbon steel as it doesn’t contain enough carbon to be hardened and tempered

14
Q

What is the outcome of work hardening (cold working)

A

Improved strength and hardness however can lead to more brittle

15
Q

What happens inside the metal as it is annealed

A

crystals regrow or rearrange themselves

15
Q

What is the process of annealing a metal

A

heating the metal and slowly leaving it to cool

16
Q

What is the adv of case hardening metal

A

provide the steel with a harder shell and tougher core

16
Q

What is the process of case hardening

A

Heating the steel in a container of carbon powder at a high enough temperature so carbon can diffuse onto the steel surface. The hot metal is then quenched in water to seal the surface

16
Q

What are the benefits of annealing a metal

A

reduced brittleness

17
Q

What are the adv of flame hardening and tempering

A

Develops the optimum combination of hardness, strength and toughness

17
Q

What type of steel is flame hardening and tempering used on

A

med/high carbon steels

18
Q

What is the process of flame hardening and tempering

A

Heating until red for some time and then quenched in a solution (Water or oil). The metal is then tempered where the metal is heated to a specific temperature and then lowered to a temperature for some time then quenched

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