13: Competition

Question 1

Focus is on more than one species

Answer 1

community

Question 2

an association of interacting species living in a particular area

Answer 2

community

Question 3

Competition

Answer 3

The struggle among organisms for vital resources (i.e. food, space, mate)

Question 4

Types of Competition

Answer 4

Intraspecific competition & Interspecific competition

Question 5

competition between organisms of different species

Answer 5

interspecific competition

Question 6

competition between organisms of the same species

Answer 6

intraspecific competition

Question 7

6 Types of Interactions that lead to Interspecific Competition

Answer 7

1. Consumption 2. Overgrowth 3. Preemption 4. Territorial 5. Encounter 6. Chemical

Question 8

Consumption and Overgrowth interactions are considered what type of interspecific competition?

Answer 8

exploitative competition

Question 9

Preemption, Territorial, Encounter, and Chemical interactions are considered what type of interspecific competition?

Answer 9

interference competition

Question 10

Four possible outcomes of Interspecific Competition

Answer 10

1. Species 1 wins 2. Species 2 wins 3. Competition can go either way 4. Coexistence

Question 11

Logistic Growth Equation

Answer 11

dN/dt=rN(K-N/K)

Question 12

What equation is used for Intraspecific Competition?

Answer 12

Logisitic growth curve

Question 13

Lokta-Volterra Models

Answer 13

dN₁/dt=r₁N₁(K₁-N₁-a₁₂N₂/K₁​)

dN₂/dt=r₂N₂(K₂-N₂-a₂₁N₁/K₂​)

Question 14

What equation is used for Interspecific Competition?

Answer 14

Lotka-Volterra Models

Question 15

a₁₂N₂ represents what?

Answer 15

the relative level of interspecific competition

Question 16

K₁-N₁ represents what?

Answer 16

the relative level of intraspecific competition

Question 17

alpha=?

Answer 17

the competition coefficient

Question 18

What determines the outcome of competition?

Answer 18

differences in alpha and N

Question 19

What would the value of a₁₂ have to be if the effect of each individual of species 2 is less than the effect of each individual of species 1?

Answer 19

a₁₂<1

Question 20

What would the value of a12 have to be if the effect of each individual of species 2 is more than the effect of each individual of species 1?

Answer 20

a₁₂>1

Question 21

What must happen for Coexistence to be possible?

Answer 21

interspecific competition is weaker than intraspecific competition

Question 22

Competition Exclusion Principal

Answer 22

two species cannot coexist if they are in the same location and have the same fundamental niche and require the exact same resources

Question 23

Competitive Exclusion Principle: What causes the abundances of the different species to diverge over time?

Answer 23

differences in the competitive ability of the different species

Question 24

Competitive Exclusion Principle: What is meant by “exclusion”?

Answer 24

one species becomes more common while the other bocomes less common (excluded)

Question 25

Competitive Exclusion Principle: What determines the time it takes for one species to be excluded?

Answer 25

the differences in abilities

Question 26

What is Competitive Exclusion the result of?

Answer 26

overlapping niches

Question 27

How do seemingly similar species coexist?

Answer 27

Habitiat/resource partitioning (splitting up the resource “pie”)

Question 28

same resource used diffenetly be species in coexistence

Answer 28

Habitat Partitioning

Question 29

use of different resources between species in coexistence

Answer 29

Resource Partitioning

Question 30

Character Displacement

Answer 30

When competition causes shifts in a species morphology, physiology, or behavior

Question 31

Does competition influence Natural Selection?

Answer 31

YES!