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Neuro > Auditory System > Flashcards

Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is sound?

A

The displacement of air particles following a sinusoidal pattern of compression and rarefacation

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2
Q

What are the components of the auditory system?

A

Outer Ear- air
Middle Ear- air
Inner Ear- fluid
Central Auditory Pathways

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3
Q

What does the outer ear consist of?

A

Pinna
Ear Canal
Tympanic membrane

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4
Q

What is the pinna made up of?

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

What is the pinna formed from?

A

Pharyngeal arches 1 & 2 ( 6x Hillocks of His)

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6
Q

What weeks does the pinna form between in utero?

A

10th to 18th week

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7
Q

What is the function of the Pinna?

A

Directs soundwaves towards ear canal

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8
Q

What is the ear canal made from?

A

1/3 cartilage & 2/3 bone

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9
Q

What bones make up the middle ear?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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10
Q

What muscles make up the middle ear?

A

Tensor Tympani
Stapedius

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11
Q

What tube is in the middle ear?

A

Eustachian Tube

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12
Q

What is the role of the middle ear?

A

Acoustic impedance match between air and fluid- filled inner ear

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13
Q

What is the role of the muscles in the middle ear?

A

Protection of the inner ear from acoustic trauma
Stiffens the ossciular chain
Stapedius stimulated acoustically

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14
Q

What is the role of the eustachian tube?

A

Ventillation of the middle ear space
Drainage of secretions

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15
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear apparatus?

A

A set of fluid filled sacs, encased in bone

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16
Q

What is the cochlear responsible for?

A

Hearing

17
Q

What is the labyrinth responsible for?

A

Balance

18
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear apparatus innervated by?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

19
Q

What are the 2 openings of the cochlea?

A

Round window
Oval window

20
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the cochlea?

A

Scala Tympani
Scala Media
Scala Vestibuli

21
Q

What are the 2 cochlear fluids?

A

Endolymph
Perilymph

22
Q

What is the endolymph made up of?

A

High K+

23
Q

What is the perilymph made up of?

A

Like ECF and CSF
Na+ rich

24
Q

How are the gradients of the cochlear fluids maintained?

A

Na, K-ATPase & NKCC1 CIC-K chlorine channels

25
Q

What can ion channel abnormalities lead to?

A

Deafness

26
Q

What does displacement of the basilar membrane cause?

A

Causes movement of specialized mechanical transducing cells

27
Q

What is the function of inner hair cells?

A

Mechanical transduction

28
Q

What is the function of outer hair cells?

A

Fine tuning

29
Q

How is frequency (pitch) encoded?

A

Encoded in nerves by location along the basilar membrane

30
Q

How is intensity (loudness) encoded?

A

Encoded in nerves by numbers responding and by firing rate

31
Q

How is sound transduction encoded?

A

Inner Hair Cells (and OHCs)

32
Q

How is amplification encoded?

A

Outer Hair Cells

33
Q

What are the types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive
Sensorineural

34
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

Defective outer/middle ear

35
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Defective Inner Ear

Neuro (14 decks)

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