12.5 Urinary Infections

Question 1

nitrites

Answer 1

bacteria convert nitrates into nitrites

Question 2

sterile pyuria

Answer 2

pus in urine with negative culture

chlamydia trachomatis
neisseria gonorrhea

Question 3

cystitis

Answer 3

infection of bladder

Question 4

pyelonephritis

Answer 4

infection of the kidney

Question 5

vesiculoreteral reflex

Answer 5

reflux from the bladder to kidney

Question 6

white blood cel cast

Answer 6

a sign of pyleonephritis

Question 7

pyelonephritis: common causes

Answer 7

1. E. Coli (90%)
2. Klebseilla
3. enterococcus faecalis

Question 8

chronic pyelonephritis

Answer 8

interstitial fibrosis due to multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis

Question 9

VUR

Answer 9

malformation that favors reflux from the bladder to kidney

Question 10

Vesciulorectal Reflux: morph

Answer 10

cortical scarring at the upper and lower poles with blunted calyces

Question 11

thyroidization of kidney

Answer 11

atrophic tubules contain pink material reminiscent of the kidney

Question 12

nephrolethiasis

Answer 12

kidney stone

Question 13

calcium oxalate/ phosphate stone

Answer 13

1. idiopathic hypocalciuria
2. hypercalcemia
3. Crohn’s Disease (increased resorption of oxalate)

Question 14

ammonium magneisum phosphate

Answer 14

1. infectious with urease positive organism

Question 15

stag horn calculi, adult

Answer 15

ammonium magnesium phosphate

Question 16

uric acid

Answer 16

hot, arid climates, low urine volume

gout
myeloproliferative disorders

Question 17

cysteine stone

Answer 17

cysteinuria (a genetic defect in tubular reabsoprtion of cysteine)

Question 18

stag horn caculi in kids

Answer 18

cysteine stones