123 - 130 HR Flashcards
What are the functions of the HR department?
The HR department is responsible for managing people in a business, including pay and rewards, recruitment, selection, training, and dealing with disputes.
What is recruitment?
Recruitment is the process of finding someone to fill a vacancy (1)
can be done internally or externally (1)
through the process of job analysis (1),
creation of a job description and person specification (1).
What is a flexible workforce?
A flexible workforce does not adhere to the traditional 9-5 work pattern and is designed to meet changing demand patterns.
What does flexible working mean?
Flexible working allows employees some flexibility in when and where they work, such as choosing their hours.
What is flexi-time?
Flexi-time allows employees to choose their start and end times within agreed limits, while working certain core hours.
What is part-time working?
A part-time worker works fewer hours than a full-time worker, typically less than 35 hours a week.
What is multi-skilling?
Multi-skilling involves training employees to work across a wide range of tasks, often through job rotation.
What is hot desking?
Hot desking means employees have no fixed workspace and often book desks as needed, reducing the need for office space.
What are zero hours contracts?
Zero hours contracts require employees to be available for work without guaranteed hours, providing employers with flexibility.
What is workforce planning?
Workforce planning determines the current and future labor needs of a company, including recruitment and skills required.
What is internal recruitment?
Internal recruitment fills a vacancy by employing someone who already works for the business.
What is external recruitment?
External recruitment fills a vacancy by employing someone from outside the business.
What does the recruitment process typically involve?
The recruitment process may include job analysis, job description, person specification, job advert, shortlisting, and interviews.
What is job analysis?
Job analysis determines the duties, responsibilities, and skills required for a position after a vacancy is identified.
What is a job description?
A job description lists the specific duties an employee is required to carry out.
What is a person specification?
A person specification lists the qualifications, skills, experience, and personal attributes needed for the job.
What are selection methods?
Selection methods are ways to decide which applicants should be given the job, such as interviews and testing.
What is induction training?
Induction training is provided to new employees to help them become productive quickly, including health and safety training.
What is on-the-job training?
On-the-job training occurs at the employee’s workplace while they are performing their job, usually supervised by an experienced employee.
What is off-the-job training?
Off-the-job training occurs outside the employee’s normal work environment, such as attending college or in-house courses.
What are apprenticeships?
Apprenticeships provide training for young people while they work, often combining workplace training with college attendance.
What is an appraisal?
An appraisal evaluates an employee’s performance against targets set, with feedback provided by their manager.
What is a superior’s assessment?
A superior’s assessment evaluates a worker’s performance by their line manager, who sets future targets and training needs.
What is peer assessment?
Peer assessment evaluates a worker’s performance by colleagues at the same level in the hierarchy.
What is self-assessment?
Self-assessment involves workers reflecting on their own performance and setting their own targets.
What is 360-degree feedback?
360-degree feedback assesses a worker’s performance from various sources, including managers, peers, and customers.
How is labour productivity measured?
Labour productivity is measured by dividing total output by the average number of employees over a period of time.
What is absenteeism?
Absenteeism is the number of working days lost due to employees not attending work, expressed as a percentage.
What is labour turnover?
Labour turnover measures the rate at which employees leave an organization, calculated by the number of staff leaving divided by the average number of staff employed.
What is the difference between authority and responsibility?
Authority is the power to make decisions, while responsibility is the obligation regarding a specific duty assigned by a superior.
What is the chain of command?
The chain of command describes the lines of authority and communication in a business, where orders are passed down and feedback is passed up.
What is span of control?
Span of control refers to the number of workers a manager is responsible for, which can be wide or narrow.
What is delegation?
Delegation is when a manager passes authority to employees for specific tasks, allowing them to gain autonomy.
What is a hierarchy?
A hierarchy shows the levels of management from top to bottom and indicates who is responsible to whom.
What is centralisation?
Centralisation is when business decisions are made at the top of the hierarchy and distributed down the chain of command.
What is decentralisation?
Decentralisation allows decisions to be made by managers and subordinates further down the chain, providing more decision-making responsibilities.
What is empowerment?
Empowerment occurs when a manager passes authority to employees, enabling them to make their own decisions.
What is delayering?
Delayering is the process of removing layers in a hierarchy, resulting in a flatter organisational structure.
What is a hierarchical structure?
A hierarchical structure has many layers of management and often uses a top-down approach with a long chain of command.
What is a flat structure?
A flat structure has relatively few management layers, achieved through delayering, with a wide span of control.
What is a matrix structure?
A matrix structure is used for cross-functional teams on projects, where team members come from different disciplines.
