1.2 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli and capillary blood vessels

A

Alevoli - 100mmHg

Capillary blood vessels -40mmHg

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2
Q

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the alveoli and alveolar capillaries

A

Alveoli - 40 mmHg

Alveolar capillaries - 45mmHg

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3
Q

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in capillary membrane surrounding muscle and in the blood

A

40mmHg

100 mmHg

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4
Q

What is the partial pressure of co2 in the blood and in the tissues

A

Blood - 40mmHg

Tissues - 46 mmHg

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5
Q

What are the 3 controls involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation

A

Neural control
Chemical control
Hormonal control

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6
Q

What does the respiratory centre control and where is it

A

In the medulla oblongata

Controls the rate and depth of breathing using neural and chemical control

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7
Q

What does the inspiratory centre do

A

Responsible for inspiration and expiration

It sends out nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles to make them contract

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8
Q

How does teh respiratory centre respond to changes in blood chemistry

A

During exercise blood acidity increases due to the plasma conc of co2 and an increase in lactic acid
Changes are detected by chemoreceptors and they send signals to the inspiratory centre to increase ventilation
The respiratory centre does this by sending impulses down the phrenic nerve to stimulate more inspiratory muscles

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9
Q

What factors affect neural control

A

Proprioreceptors
Baroreceptors
Stretch receptors

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10
Q

What are proprioceptors

A

Sensory receptors located in the joints and muscles that provide feedback to the respiratory centre to increase in breathing

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11
Q

What are baroreceptors

A

Detect blood pressure in Aorta and carotid arteries

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12
Q

What are stretch receptors

A

Lungs are stretched
They prevent over inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to the expiratory centre and then down intercostal nerve to expiratory muscles

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13
Q

How does hormonal regulation take a part in pulmonary ventilation

A

Bristol before we start exercise the brain sends impules to the renal glands which respond and pump adrenaline into the blood in anticipation of a need for o2
As a result breathing rate increases

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14
Q

What negative effects does smoking have on our respiratory system

A

Causes irritation of the trachea and bronchi

Reduced lung function increasing breathlessness caused by swelling and narrowing of the lungs

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15
Q

How does cigarette smoke affect the breathing system

A

Damage cell lining of the thrash’s bronchi and bronchioles

Causeses excess muscle to build up in the lungs as the hair like cilia are not the few

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16
Q

How does smoking affect the alveoli

A

Break down alveolar walls and they join together forming larger air spaces than normal
Reducing the effiecency of gaseous exchange and increases risk of COPD