1.1 Cardiovascular System the heart & vascular system Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular system
Body’s transport system and it includes the heart and the blood vessels
What is teh CVS responsible for
Pumping blood around teh body to muscles and gather waste
Transports heat to skin so the body can cool down
What divides the heart into 2
A muscular wall called the septum
Atrium structure h
Small as they push blood to ventricles
Don’t require much force so have thin muscular walls
Ventricle structure
Thick walls to contract greater force to push blood out of heart to rest of body
What are the blood vessels involved with the heart
Vena cava brings deoxygenated blood back to right atrium
Pulmonary vein delivers oxygenated blood to left atrium
Pulmonary artery leaves right ventricle with deoxygenated blood to go to lungs
Aorta leaves left ventricle with oxygenated blood to go to rest of body
What are the valves of the heart
Tricuspid valve located between right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Semi-lunar valves can be found between the right and left ventricles and pulmonary artery and aorta
What is the cardiac conduction system
Group of specialised cells located in the wall of the heart which send electrical impulses to the heart (cardiac muscle) causing to it contract
It ensures the heart rate increases during exercise to allow working muscles to reduce more oxygen
Who does myogenic mean
The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses
Teh beat starts in the heart itself with an electrical signal in the Sinoatrial node
What is the sinoatrial node (SAN)
Small mass of cardiac muscle found in the wall of the right atrium that generates the heartbeat
Aka pacemaker
How does the electrical impulse travel from the sinoatrial node
In a wave of excitation from the san it will spread through the walls of teh atria causing to contract and then forcing blood into the ventricles
What is the atrioventricular node and what does it do
This node delays the impulse between the upper and lower sections of the heart
Found in the atrioventricular septum
Delay the transmission of the cardiac impulse to enable the atria to fully contract before ventricular systole begins
What is systole
When the heart contracts
What is teh bundle of his and what does it come after in the wave of excitation of the electrical impulse
It’s a collection of heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from the AVN via the bundle branches to teh ventricles
Comes after the AV NODE
Located in septum separating the two ventricles and they branch out into branches
What are Purkinje fibres
Muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles
The bundle of his branches out and those branches move into smaller bundles of purkinje fibres which will spread through the ventricles causing them to contract
