12. Personalized Medicine

Question 1

Personalized medicine

Answer 1

is the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics, needs, and preferences of the patient

Question 2

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

Answer 2

single base changes in DNA

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

a compounds ability to pass through the barriers such as the intestinal lining, nasal lining, the lungs or the skin

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

how the body breaks down the compound (normally in the liver)

Question 5

Distribution

Answer 5

how the compound is distributed around the body and its propensity to accumulate in certain tissues or organs

Question 6

Excretion

Answer 6

the rate and process through which the compound exits the body

Question 7

Inactivation

Answer 7

active drug to inactive product

Question 8

Activation

Answer 8

inactive pro-drug to active product

Question 9

Diagnostic Test Medical

Answer 9

test performed to aid in the diagnosis of a disease

Question 10

Therapeutic

Answer 10

A treatment, therapy or drug
- Moving towards developing (and FDA-approving) both test and drug therapy in combination

Question 11

Benefits of Personalized Medicine

Answer 11

• Better tailoring of medication to the patient instead of trial and error
• minimize the occurrence of adverse events

Question 12

Three FDA-approved smoking cessation treatments exist

Answer 12

1) Varenicline (Champix)
2) Nicotine replacement therapy
3) Bupropion (Welbutrin)

Question 13

NMR (nicotine metabolite ratio)

Answer 13

how fast someone metabolizes nicotine

Question 14

Challenges to Personalized Medicine - Economical

Answer 14

Personalized medications cause potential market size is lower than a broadly prescribed drug