Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social Psychology > 12- Personality > Flashcards

12- Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Self Concept

What 3 factors make it up?

A

Knowledge of behavior, traits, and personality

Made up of ABC- Affects (Emotions), Behavior (Actions), Cognition (Thoughts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Self- Esteem

A

FEELINGS about ourselves.

How we see ourselves, shaped how others see us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

William James’ Self Concept Theory

What makes it up? What is working self concept?

A

“I” - Consciousness

- Observer
- Evaluating 
- Subjective Awareness

“Me” - Self- concept

  • Observed
  • Empirical
  • Made up of self- representations: Social. Material, and Spiritual understandings
  • Situation draws different subset of self.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is “Me” expressed?

A
  1. Narratives: Experiences lived
  2. Self Schemas:
    - Defining traits
    - Activate Medial Prefrontal Cortex
    - Generalization- Differ from our actual
    experiences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is Self Concept developed?

A

In relationships —-> Generalization of SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does generalized self concept cause?

A

Self-verification- may act only to support it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Self-Esteem form

A

Acceptance and Comparison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do we want Self Esteem?

A

Achieve High Status, Belonging, and Protection from Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Self serving bias

A

Want to see ourselves positively
Take credit for good; downplay success
Extreme- narcissism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Implicit Egotism

A

Letters of name/sound of name= influence decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is self- serving bias? What 3 factors that influence it?

A
  • Tendency to see oneself favorably
    1. Objective vs. Subjective
    2. Public vs. Private
    3. Aschematic vs. Schematic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is self-serving bias manifested?

3 ways

A
  1. Self-enhancing- want +
  2. Self-effacing- distance -
  3. Counter defensive- distance + , accept -
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 4 outcomes of self-serving bias?

A
  1. Fundamental attribution error: hold others to different standards than ourselves.
  2. Actor- observer divergence: ?
  3. False consensus: overestimate agreement w/ beliefs
  4. False uniqueness: underestimate agreement w/ “special” quality/talent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do we have self-serving bias?

A
  • We want to be higher subjective well-being, and avoid negatives.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define personality Another word for personality? (not nice)

A

Enduring patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling that we express in different contexts.
“Mask that we wear”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 2 approaches to studying personality?

A
  1. Prior events, such as biological makeup, life circumstances, and culture
  2. Anticipated events, as reflected in a person’s hopes, dreams and fears.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name techniques to determine personality and their efficacy

A 
SELF- REPORT:  
1. MMPI (Minnesota 
   Multiphasic Personality 
   Inventory)-2-RF: 
Questionnaire that assess personality and psychological problems. 
   \+ Inaccurate

PROJECTIVE TESTS:
1. Rorschach Inkblot Test- inner thoughts revealed in how they respond to inkblots.

  1. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)- people’s motives/concerns seen in stories they tell about pics.
    + More info/ subject
    to interpreter bias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name newer techniques to determine personality. Why are these more effective?

A
  • EAR (Electronically activated recorder)
  • Real-time computer analysis of wireless communications and automated behavior identification
  • Study people as they actually behave out in the world while interacting with others (not in biased lab conditions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F: Personality is a combination of traits.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a trait

A

Disposition to behave in a certain way

21
Q

How does a trait explain behavior?

A
  1. Pre-existing disposition

2. Motivation

22
Q

Big Five Factors of Personality (OCEAN)

A

Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

23
Q

Why is this preferred?

A
  1. Balance between accounting for personality and avoiding overlaps
  2. Always emerge
  3. Universality
24
Q

Researches use ______ analysis so study relationships between _______ that people use to self-report traits. And test extremes and likelihood.

A

factor: adjectives

25
Q

Studies done on twins show what about personality?

A

More genes in common= more similar personalities

26
Q

(B.) What do twin studies show us?

A

Biological mechanisms underlie personality traits.

27
Q

(B.) What part of the brain regulates arousal and alertness?

A

Reticular formation

28
Q

Whose reticular formation is more easily stimulated?

A

Introverts- don’t need as much social interaction

29
Q

READ 12.2

A

READ 12.2

30
Q

(C.) Psychodynamic approach

A

Freud: Personality is formed by needs. striving, and desires operating outside of awareness. Can produce emotional disorders–> Push and pull of internal hydraulics

31
Q

Freud proposed that the mind consists of 3 independent, interacting, and conflicting systems, What are they?

A
  1. Id: Contains drives present at birth- instincts (Pleasure principle- immediate gratification)
  2. Superego: Internalization of cultural rules from parents.
  3. Ego (Mediator): Developed thru contact with world, enables us to deal with life’s demands (Reality Principle- delay gratification)
32
Q

Define defense mechanisms

A

Techniques the mind uses to reduce anxiety (drives id, ego, and super ego) generated by unacceptable impulses

33
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Freud: distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures (Producing CONFLICT)

34
Q

Fixation

A

Person’s pleasure-seeking drives become psychologically stuck, or arrested, at a particular psychosexual stage

35
Q

List Pyschosexual stages and fixations:

A
  • Oral - issues with fllness/emptyness
  • Anal - issues with rigid personality and control
  • Phallic - Oedipus effect (incestuous feelings)
  • Latency - no conflicts, but development
  • Genital - Those fixated priorly can’t develop this.
36
Q

(C.) What do critics say?

A

These lack real evidence and are after-the-fact interpretations (not predictions).

37
Q

(D.) Humanists and existentialists.

How did they grow?

A
  • Positively living one’s life and doing good.

- Philosophical traditions that are at odds with trait/psychoanalytic approaches.

38
Q

Self- actualizing theory

A

Personality is directed toward realizing our inner potential (after basic needs are met).

39
Q

Research indicates that when people shape their lives around goals that ____ match their true nature and capabilities, they are less likely to be happy than those whose lives and goals ____ match

A

-don’t; do

40
Q

Existential approach

A

Personality is governed by angst and the defensive response people often have to questions about the meaning of life and the inevitability of death.

41
Q

(D.) What is angst?

A

The anxiety of fully being

42
Q

(E.) Social–cognitive approach

A

Personality is how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

43
Q

Working self- concept

A

Situation you are in draws out different subset of self

44
Q

According to social–cognitive personality theorists, the same person may behave ______ in different situations but should behave ______ in similar situations.

A

-differently; consistently

45
Q

What is the Person–situation controversy

A

Which focuses on the question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors

46
Q

What is Personality consistency dependent on?

A

When and where a certain kind of behavior tends to be shown

47
Q

What are Personal constructs?

A

Dimensions people use to make sense of their experiences and that reveal the perceiver’s personality.
(Example- Break= Lazy vs. Good for u)

48
Q

People translate their goals into behavior through ______ _________

A

-Outcome expectancies

49
Q

People differ in whether they believe they control their own destiny (____ _____ of control) or are at the mercy of fate or other people (______ _____ of control).

  • Who tends to cope better with stress and achieve more?
A
  • Internal Locus; External Locus

- Internal

Social Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions