1.2 Lipids

Question 1

What are triglycerides made from

Answer 1

2 molecules being 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 2

Draw glycerol

Answer 2

H
I
H - C - OH
I
H - C - OH
I
H - C - OH
I
H

Question 3

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated

Answer 3

Saturated = no C double bond
Unsaturated = contains a C double bond

Question 4

what does more double bonds mean

Answer 4

it will be more fluid the more bonds as this shape change makes the molecules push apart more.

Question 5

what is the difference between a monounsaturated fatty acid and a polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 5

Mono= 1 C double bond
Poly= Many C double bonds

Question 6

what is a triglyceride

Answer 6

A triglyceride is made of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 7

what is the process and bond that joins two of these molecules together

Answer 7

esterification with an ester bond

Question 8

where does the glycerol and fatty acid join

Answer 8

on the H and OH leaving water and being joined together on the left O

Question 9

Draw a triglyceride

Question 10

name four functions of lipids

Answer 10

1. energy source as the fatty acids can be broken down to release energy or built up into triglycerides as an energy store.
2. they are compact and insoluble so can be stored in high concentrations in cell while not affecting the water potential.
3. lipids are poor conductors of heat so work well as insulation
4. The formation of membranes as phospholipids

Question 11

what are phospholipids

Answer 11

also are esters of fatty acids and glycerol but one of the fatty acid chains is replaced by a polar group associated with a phosphate molecule

Question 12

what is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Answer 12

Hydrophobic - repels water
hydrophilic - attracts water

Question 13

what are phospholipids important in

Answer 13

the formation of cell membranes