12 - Austria Flashcards
Describe the climate of Austria (4)
Outline how its regions differ (3)
Most grape growing in east along the relatively flat areas near the Danube and the Pannonian plain
Cool, continental climate with spring frost an issue in many areas
Water stress in low rainfall years - poor soil
Spring frost an issue, winter freeze occasionally
Nierderosterreich –> Weinvirtel - cool northerly breezes or cold air from Alps
Burgenland - warmer due to Pannonian plain, Neusiedlersee provide some, limited moderation and mist
Steiermark - warmed by the wind from Adriatic, hail can be an issue
What are two most common soil types and which varieties are usually planted on them?
Which other soil types are present?
Thin soil over rock e.g. granite or gneiss –> Riesling
Richer soil e.g. loess –> Gruner (needs more water)
Other soils: limestone, schist (both in Leithaberg) gravel, volcanic material (Styria, parts of Kamptal)
Outline trends in vineyard management including:
- training systems
- methods of harvesting
Training
Lenz Moser - cordon, high trained, enables machine harvesting and low maintenance, best suited to high vol - why?
Guyot with VSP has become more popular –> focus on quality production
Harvesting
Machine harvest popular except for slopes/terraced vineyards around Wachau, Kremstal, Kamptal –> terraces require 3-5x labour hours as flat land
Why is the % of organic vineyards relatively high?
14% organic + 9% sustainable
Moderate rainfall 450mm in Weinviertel to 850mm in Steiermark
Low disease pressure
Compare max and average yields
Max is 67.5
Average is 49 –> focus on quality
Outline Austria’s five most planted grapes
Describe the characteristics of Gruner Veltliner
Needs water –> loess
Very vigorous - soil type, canopy mngt
Thick skins - avoid excessive skin contact
Dry, med(+)-high acid
- Citrus and green fruit, acceptable-good, inexpensive
- Pronounced peach, ageable, VG-outstanding, premium
Describe the characteristics of Zweigelt
Early ripening - rot
High yielding
Vigorous
Vulnerable to potassium deficiency - grapes wither before ripening
Resistant to frost, rot
Med(+) acid, med tannin, red fruit, range from fruity and unoaked of acceptable-good/inexpensive-mid to full-bodied, oaked and very good/premium
Describe Welschriesling and the related regions/styles
High acid
Neutral aroma
Planted in Steirermark - fresh, neutral, unoaked, dry, acceptable-good, inexpensive
Planted near Neusiedlersee - noble rot BA or TBA with high acid, pronounced tropical and dried fruit, VG-outstanding and premium
Also used to make Sekt - high acid, neutral
Describe Blaufränkisch
Early budding / late-ripening - generally only found in Burgenland
Thick skin –> rot –> Neusiedlersee
High yields
Range of style including pronounced black fruit, oak and high tannin
Leithaberg DAC and Mittelburgenland DAC in particular
Describe where Riesling is planted in Austria and the styles of wine it produces?
Mainly in Niederösterreich
Best on warm sites with thin soils
Dry, high acid, med alcohol, full body, stone + tropical fruit with nuts, honey and petrol after age
VG-outstanding, premium
Describe the typical winemaking process for white wines (6)
Aim: preserve fruit and varietal character
Skin-contact optional - aromas and flavour extraction
Neutral vessel with temp control
Malo blocked - difficult anyway due to low pH and retain varietal
No new oak
Fine lees for six months for texture
Describe the typical winemaking process for red wines (3)
Lrrge open-top vessels w/ punch downs and pump-overs - scale
Some producers using ambient yeast
Maturation in SST or old oak, often larger, new oak occasionally - acacia also used (no vanilla)
Outline Austria’s wine hierarchy of geographic indicators
- Wein – Wine without Geographic Indication
- Landwein – Wine with Protected Geographic Indication (PGI)
- Qualitätswein – Wine with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) - 90% of production
- Undergoes gov’t inspection for quality
- Klassik: vintage and varietal character
- Reserve: >13% ABV (dry)
- Pradikat system also: same as Germany excluding Kabinett and including Ausbruch
- DAC system of 16 regions introduced in 2002
Outline the DAC (Districtus Austriae Controllatus) system
16 DACs e.g. Kamptal
Permitted varieties only and have to meet typicity test via tasting panel
Quality hierarchy distinguishes regional (Gebietswein), village (Ortswein) and single-vineyard wines (Riedenwein)