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Question 1

Personality disorder

Answer 1

is a disorder characterized by a set of
inflexible, maladaptive behaviour patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society.

Though people with personality disorders frequently lead seemingly normal lives, just below the surface lies a set of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that can make functioning a challenge

Question 2

Antisocial personality disorder

(aka sociopathic personality)

Answer 2

is a disorder in which individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others.

Question 3

Can appear quite intelligent and likable (at least at first)

Antisocial

Answer 3

But upon closer examination turn out to
be manipulative and deceptive, lacking any guilt or anxiety about their wrongdoing.

Question 4

Traits of Antisocial include

Answer 4

impulsivity and lack the ability to withstand frustration, extremely manipulative, excellent social skills (they can be charming, engaging, and highly persuasive).

Question 5

What cause Antisocial

Answer 5

An inability to experience emotions appropriately to problems in family relationships.

Sociocultural factors (high proportion come from lower socioeconomic groups).

Question 6

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 6

is a disorder in which individuals have difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are.

Rely on relationships with others to define their identity, and as such rejections are devastating.

Question 7

Traits of Borderline include

Answer 7

distrust of others and emotional volatility leading to impulsive and self-destructive behaviour

often feeling empty and alone.

Question 8

Borderline people

Answer 8

may form intense, sudden, one-sided relationships, demanding the attention of another person and then feeling angry when they don’t receive it.

ex. stella

Question 9

One reason for Borderline behaviour

Answer 9

is that they may have a background in which
others discounted or criticized their emotional reactions, and they may not have learned to regulate their emotions effectively.

TRUE - Leach

Question 10

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 10

is a personality disturbance characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance.

Question 11

Main attribute of the narcissistic personality is an inability to

Answer 11

experience empathy for other people (Those with the disorder expect special treatment from others, while at the same time disregarding others’ feelings).

Question 12

Somatic Symptom Disorders

Answer 12

are psychological difficulties that take on a
physical (somatic) form, but for which there is no medical cause.

Question 13

Even though an individual with a Somatic Symptom Disorders

Answer 13

reports physical symptoms, no biological cause exists, or if there is a medical problem, the person’s reaction is greatly exaggerated.

Question 14

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 14

a somatic symptom disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.

Question 15

Illness anxiety disorder people believe

Answer 15

everyday aches and pains are symptoms of a dreaded disease.

The “symptoms” are not faked; rather, they are misinterpreted as evidence of some serious illness—often in the face of inarguable medical evidence to the contrary.

Question 16

Conversion disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorders

Answer 16

involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg.

The cause of such a physical disturbance is purely psychological.

Often begin suddenly (people wake up one morning blind or deaf, or they experience numbness that is restricted to a certain part of the body)

Question 17

La belle indifference

Answer 17

people who experience conversion disorders frequently remain unconcerned about symptoms that most of us would expect to be highly anxiety-producing.

Question 18

Glove anesthesia

Answer 18

A hand, may become entirely numb, while an area above the wrist, controlled by the same nerves, remains sensitive to touch (physiologically implausible, because of the nerves involved, suggesting a psychological
cause rather than from actual nerve damage).

Question 19

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 19

is a disorder in which a person is plagued by unwanted thoughts, called obsessions, or feel that they must carry out actions, termed compulsions, against their will.

Question 20

Obsessions

(OCD)

Answer 20

are persistent, unwanted thoughts or ideas that keep recurring.

Many people suffer from mild obsessions from time to time, but usually such thoughts persist only for a short period.

However, for people with serious obsessions, the thoughts persist for days or months and may consist of bizarre, troubling images.

Ex. Howard Hughes in his Movie Room

Question 21

Compulsions

(OCD)

Answer 21

is an irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable.

Whatever the compulsive behaviour, people experience extreme anxiety if they cannot
carry it out, even if it is something they want to stop.

The acts involved may be relatively trivial (ex. repeatedly checking the stove to make sure all the burners are turned off), or more unusual (ex. continuously washing oneself).

Question 22

For OCD poeple

Answer 22

little or no reduction in anxiety results from carrying out a compulsive ritual.

People with severe cases lead lives filled with unrelenting tension

Question 23

Biological Causes in OCD people

Answer 23

research found differences in the brains of those with the disorder compared to those without it.

However, OCD is often effectively treated using behavioural interventions similar to the techniques used in treating phobias.

Question 24

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 24

is a disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity (in the hyperactive subtype).

Question 25

ADHD is quite common

Answer 25

with 3–5 percent of the school-age population

Question 26

ADHD is related to problems

Answer 26

with executive functioning (working
memory, emotional regulation, complex problem solving) – smaller prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala

Question 27

ADHD is Characterized by

Answer 27

low levels of dopamine

Question 28

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 28

is associated with impairment to the ability to communicate and relate to others.

Question 29

Children with autism spectrum disorder have difficulties

Answer 29

in both verbal and nonverbal communication, and they may have impaired social skills.

Question 30

Autism usually appears in the first three years

Answer 30

and typically continues throughout
life.

Question 31

About 1 in 66 Canadian children

Answer 31

are now thought to have Autism, with its prevalence rising in the last decade.

Question 32

Other Disorders

Answer 32

• alcohol use disorders
• psychoactive substance use disorder
• eating disorders,
• sexual disorders,
• neurocognitive disorders (Alzheimer’s disease)

Question 33

48% of people

Answer 33

will suffer from a psychological
disorder at some point in their lives.

Question 34

depression

Answer 34

is most common psychological disorder

Question 35

alcohol dependence

Answer 35

second most common psychological disorder

Question 36

psychological disorders described in DSM-5

Answer 36

reflect turn-of-the-twenty-first-century Western cultures.

Our understanding of abnormal behaviour reflects the society and culture in which we live.

Even now, other cultures might include a list of disorders that look very different from the list that appears in the current DSM.

Question 37

maintenance of good mental health is optimized by

Answer 37

regular contact with a mental health professional.

Question 38

self-care.

Answer 38

The activities that we do to protect our mental wellness can collectively be referred

the goal of self-care is not to “have fun” but to attend to the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual needs that allow us to maintain psychological wellness.

Question 39

People do not always recognize

Answer 39

when they need help or know that their condition is treatable.

people may be unaware that psychological disorders tend to be recurring and to get
worse over time.

Question 40

Due to the stigma around mental health issues,

Answer 40

people may be unwilling to disclose mental health concerns.

Question 41

pathway to receiving mental health services is not

Answer 41

as straightforward as finding a dentist.

• Students have access to campus counselling services.
• However, outside of educational settings, people do not necessarily know where to turn for help, or
  what type of therapy they should be seeking.
• Although your family physician is usually a good place to start, they may fail to recognize the need
  for help, or have little knowledge of treatment options other than medication, which may have
  limited effectiveness with many psychological disorders.