1.14 + 1.15 Microscopy + Detecting Proteins using Antibodies Flashcards
Bright field microscopy can be used to examine whole ___, parts of ____, dissected ___, or individual ___.
organisms, organisms, tissue, cells
Samples are often ___ to increase contrast.
dyed
Fluorescence microscopy uses specific fluorescent ___ which allows molecules or structures to be ___ upon binding.
Which type of microscope is used?
labels, visualised.
a fluorescence microscope
What is the name of the technique that is used to study specific proteins?
Immunoassay
Immunoassay techniques use stocks of antibodies with the same ___, known as ___ antibodies.
Each antibody is specific to the same protein ___, and is also linked to a chemical ‘___’.
specificity, monoclonal.
antigen, ‘label’
Chemical ‘labels’ are often a ___ ___, which produces a ___ change.
reporter enzyme, colour
Name the two other types of reporters that can be used.
Chemiluminescence, fluorescence
The assay (aka procedure) can be used to test for antigens, using ___.
However, the assay typically uses a___ to test for ___.
antibodies.
antibodies, proteins.
Antigen: virus etc
Antibody: can be produced in lab or by body to combat virus etc
Western Protein Blotting uses specific a___ to test for proteins, after which procedure?
The proteins that have been separated are ___ (or ‘___’) from the gel onto a solid ___.
antibodies, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.
transferred (or ‘blotted’), backing
The proteins can then be identified using specific ___ with reporter ___ attached.
antibodies, enzymes
Explain why it is important to control pH in immunoassays. (2)
pH affects the solubility/structure of proteins
OR
pH would affect interactions between R groups (1)
(a protein with changed structure) will have reduced affinity for/binding to antigens/substrate (1)
