Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA3201 final > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage

A

presence of blood in sputum or cough

-bleeding through out lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndromes due to (primary + secondary)

A

Usually secondary: Coagulopathies, vasculitis, inf

Primary: Goodpasture, Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Goodpasture syndrome: what is it, type of hypersensitivity, symptoms

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity- Antibody production against alveolar and glomerular basement membranes

symptoms: hemoptysis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, renal failure etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

A

pathological accumulation of iron products called hemosiderin within phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

A
  • structural defect in alveolar capillaires

- leakage of iron containing products of blood into surrounding tissues and they are picked up by tissue phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pulmonary hypertension: what is it

A

increase in BP within pulmonary circulation >20mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension

A

Chronic vasoconstriction from vascular hyper reactivity
mutation in BMPR2
-BMPR2 cause inhibition of proliferation of vascular smooth mm
-increase apoptosis of vascular smooth mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of secondary Pulmonary hypertension (4)

A 
cardiac causes (L to R shunts, mitral stenosis)
Inflammatory causes (connective tissue disease)
Pulmonary causes (COPD, restrictive disease)
Vascular causes (thromboembolism)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

causitive organisms of community acquired pneumonia

A
  • Streptococcus pneumonia
  • Staphlyococcus aureus
  • haemophilus influenza
  • klebsiella pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the virulence factor of chyamdophila and mycoplasma

A

Chyamdophilia- produces chiliastic factor

Mycoplasma- Can sheer off cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Virulence factor of streptococcus and neisseria meningitidis

A

produce proteases that can split secretory IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Virulence factor of pneumococcus

A
  • Capsul that inhibits phagocytes
  • peumolysin
  • neuroaminidase and hylauronidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Virulence factor of Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Legionella

A

resistent to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Community acquired typical pneumonia clinical signs/symptoms

A

-fever
-producive cough
Bronchopneumonoa
Lobar pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mophological stages of lobar pneumonia

A
  1. Edema and congestion
  2. red hepatization
  3. grey hepatization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complications of community acquired pneumonia

A
  • Lung abscess
  • Empyema of pleural cavity
  • fibrosis and scarring
  • Hematogenous dissemination
17
Q

community acquired atypical pneumonia cause/findings

A

inf due to non bacterial organism

  • pts have only mod sputum prod
  • no physical findings of consolidation
  • lack of alveolar exudates
  • mod increase in WBC
18
Q

MC causative organism in community acquired atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma

19
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Pulmonary infection aquired while in hospital
Usually bacterial
-difficult to tx due to multi drug resistant flora

20
Q

what is aspiration pneumoa

A

pneumonia as a result of aspiration of a stomach content in the airways
(intoxicated to point where sphincters are relaxed leading to regurgitation of stomach contents into esophagus)

21
Q

primary TB patho

A
  • begins in pt with ghon complex (in periphery of lung)
  • infect macrophages and eventually form a nodular granulomatous tubercle
  • The lesion produced by the expansion of the tubercle in the lung parenchyma and lymph node involvement is called ghon complex
22
Q

What is secondary TB

A

(reactivation TB)

  • reactivation TB results from proliferation of prevention dormant bacteria seeded)
  • Pts with reduced systems are more likelyy to develop it (HIV etc)
23
Q

What is primary progressive TB

A

primary infection is not controlled by innate immunity

24
Q

What is biliary TB and what is it due to

A

Miliary TB- wide dissemination of mycobacterium tuberculosis via hematogenous spread

25
Q

What does legionnaires disease cause

A

2-9% of community acquired pneumonia
causes:

legionnaires disease- mc
Pontiac fever- acute, febrile, self-limited illness that has been linked to legionella species

26
Q

squamous cell carcinoma- age, gender, location, risk factors

A

55-60
M>F
Central or at or near hilum of the lung

risks- cigarette smoking, P53 mutations

27
Q

Adenocarcinoma- age, gender, types

A 
<45
F>M
1. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
2. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
3. Pseudo pneuomia
28
Q

What is large cell carcinoma

A

malignant epithelial neoplam lacking glandular or squamous differentiation by light microscopy and lacking cytologic features of small cell carcinoma

Dx of exclusion

29
Q

Small cell carcinoma- age, location, risk

A

older males
Along bronchi (15% of all bronchogenic carcinomas)
Smoking is huge risk factor

30
Q

What is a pulmonary hamartoma

A

Benign lung tumor
-look like coin lesions on xray
most <2cm

31
Q

complications of pulmonary neoplasms

A
  • airway obstruction
  • suppurative bronchitis and bronchiectasis
  • lung abscess
  • local invasiveness (hoarseness, pleuritis, pericarditis)
32
Q

Common pulmonary neoplastic syndromes

A

Virchow node- enlarged lymph node located in left side of body in region above clavicle

Superior vena cava syndrome- external compression of SVC by tumor

33
Q

what type of tumor are pancoast syndrome and s.s

A

Malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung w destructive lesions
SCC

s/s- severe pain of shoulder region radiating toward axilla and scapula, Horner syndrome

34
Q

cause of transudate pleural effusion

A

left sided heart failure

serous fluid-> usually comes into pleural cavity and deposited as result of ailing heart

35
Q

What is exudate caused by

A

Presence of fluid in pleural cavity as result of:

pulmonary inf
carcinoma
infrarctions

36
Q

what is mesothelioma due to and what are the symtoms

A

almost always due to exposure to asbestosos
-pts typically develop shortness of breath and chest pain as the timor gradually obliterates the pleural space and replaces any pleural fluid

PA3201 final (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions